| 1. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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The Politics of Legal Challenges to Pornography : A Comparative Analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society. - 1943-1600. ; 35:1, s. 1-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pornography production exploits social disadvantages, often while using prostituted people who have endured poverty, childhood sexual abuse, race and/or sex discrimination. Over time, consumers become more sexually aggressive, adopt more attitudes supporting gender-based violence, and buy more sex than non-consumers. This study finds that challenges to pornography’s harms will be more successful in democracies that better recognize substantive equality, and where the harmed groups’ perspectives and interests are centered in law. Civil rights appear more responsive and remedial than state-implemented criminal laws, with similar implications for other problems disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations.
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| 2. |
- Snoer Jensen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy of aqueous solutions: Influence of optical pathlength on signal-to-noise ratio
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1943-3530 .- 0003-7028. ; 56:12, s. 1600-1606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimal choice of optical pathlength, source intensity, and detector for near-infrared transmission measurements of trace components in aqueous solutions depends on the strong absorption of water. In this study we examine under which experimental circumstances one may increase the pathlength to obtain a measurement with higher signal-to-noise ratio. The noise level of measurements at eight different pathlengths from 0.2 to 2.0 mm of pure water and of 1 g/dL aqueous glucose signals were measured using a Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and a variable pathlength transmission cell. The measurements demonstrate that the noise level is determined by the water transmittance. The noise levels in the spectral region from 5000 to 4000 cm(-1) show that the optimal pathlength (0.4 mm) is the same for pure water and 1 g/dL aqueous glucose solutions. When detector saturation occurs it is favorable to increase the pathlength instead of attenuating the light source. The obtained results are explained by an analytical model.
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| 3. |
- Weng, Wubin, et al.
(författare)
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Spectrally Resolved UV Absorption Cross-Sections of Alkali Hydroxides and Chlorides Measured in Hot Flue Gases
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0003-7028 .- 1943-3530. ; 72:9, s. 1388-1395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectrally resolved ultraviolet (UV) absorption cross-sections of gas-phase sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were measured, for the first time, in hot flue gases at different temperatures. Homogenous gas-phase NaCl, KCl (potassium chloride), NaOH, and KOH at temperatures 1200 K, 1400 K, 1600 K, and 1850 K were prepared in the post-flame zone of laminar flames by seeding nebulized droplets out of aqueous solution of corresponding alkali species. The amount of droplets seeded into the flame was kept constant, so the relative concentration of different alkali species can be derived. The broadband UV absorption cross-section of KCl vapor reported by Leffler et al. was adopted to derive the absorption cross-section curves of NaCl, NaOH, and KOH with the corresponding measured spectrally resolved absorbance spectra. No significant changes in the spectral structures in the absorption cross-sections were found as the temperature varied between 1200 K and 1850 K, except for NaOH at around 320 nm. The difference between the absorption spectral curves of alkali chlorides and hydroxides is significant at wavelengths above 300 nm, which thus can be used to distinguish and obtain the concentrations of alkali chlorides and hydroxides in the broadband UV absorption measurements.
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