| 1. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Construction productivity measures for innovation projects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management - ASCE. - 1943-7862 .- 0733-9364. ; 138:5, s. 670-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 30-year retrospective analysis of resource use in a range of new construction and repair projects reveals insignificant productivity increase when applying traditional narrow measures, as shown in a case study of beam bridges. It appears as necessary to estimate hidden quality changes in both outputs and inputs. Changes in government regulations, in specifications, and the development of nonprice criteria for contract award emerge as important. Schemes for benchmarking the performance of construction projects as well as life-cycle analyses suggest that customer risk aversion and effects on customer productivity should be taken into account. The outcome is a set of measurements that can be applied to the selection of any type of proposed new construction or repair technology innovation according to their potential impact on industry productivity.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Weather Conditions on In Situ Concrete Wall Operations Using a Simulation-Based Approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of construction engineering and management. - : ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS. - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 145:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this research is to study the impact of temperature, precipitation, and wind speed on in situ concrete wall operations, and its combined resulting effect on project duration. The research presented is anchored in the learnings gained through a literature review on weather effects on construction operations, an analysis of weather data with high resolution, and two field studies of in situ concrete wall operations. These learnings are implemented in a discrete event simulation (DES) model for the analysis of weather impact on project duration. The simulation results show that (1) weather greatly impacts project duration and has to be accounted for when planning operations; (2) there are huge differences between weather seasons that could affect the timing of project start-up; and (3) the height of buildings and threshold values for different types of cranes have to be accounted for when planning lifting operations. The main contribution of this paper lies both in the methods, in which high-resolution weather data can be incorporated in DES models to analyze project duration, and in the actual results of the simulation runs, showing to what level weather variables have to be incorporated in the planning of concrete wall construction.
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| 3. |
- Lessing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Industrialized Building Companies' Business Models : Multiple Case Study of Swedish and North American Companies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. - : ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS. - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 144:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrialized building companies apply various product predefinition strategies, derived from market- or resource-based strategic perspectives. This strongly affects the buildup of such companies' business models and their operational structure. Ten companies were included in a case study, presenting strategic orientations and business models. The aim of this study was to analyze the primary characteristics of different business models applied by industrialized building companies, further describe their strategic orientations, and picture different paths of business model development. The emergence of industrialized building companies implies that new offerings and new roles for the building market is explored to lead to competitive advantages. This study showed that a key driver is to use deep customer knowledge to develop competitive end-product offers aimed at certain customer segments, achieving high customer value. Further findings were that a good fit and balance between the business model corner stones - offering, operational platform and market position - are crucial for industrialized building companies' success. Business models for industrialized building companies evolve over time and lead to a fine-tuned balance and, thereby, increase fit. Differences and similarities between the studied companies' business models and strategic orientations were affected by the surrounding market conditions. This study contributes to the theoretical buildup of business models and strategic orientations of industrialized building companies, and contributes to practitioners' understanding of industrialized building companies from a strategic, company perspective.
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| 4. |
- Roupé, Mattias, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual collaborative design environment: Supporting seamless integration of multitouch table and immersive VR
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management - ASCE. - 1943-7862 .- 0733-9364. ; 146:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout the design of a new building it is essential that all involved stakeholders understand, communicate, participate, and collaborate with each other to acquire a high-quality result. To support these shared and creative design processes, this paper presents the design and evaluation of virtual collaborative design environment (ViCoDE) - a new collaborative design system. ViCoDE features seamless integration of several immersive VR systems and a multitouch table that facilitates collaborative and interactive design work with immediate feedback. The evaluation of the system has been done during two real-life collaborative design workshops in a context of designing new healthcare environments. The results show that the VR system and multitouch table complement each other very well by facilitating both collaborative, and individual design spaces - and that it fosters better understanding, participation, communication, knowledge sharing, and collaboration among the different stakeholders. The contribution is two-fold: presentation of a new collaborative design system and the evaluation of its use in a real-life design context, which demonstrate how these new technology-based workshops may facilitate design management.
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| 5. |
- Zetterlund, Miriam, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Framework for Value of Information Analysis in Rock Mass Characterization for Grouting Purposes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 137:7, s. 486-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observational method involves recurrent updating, and according to European standards, it is an optional method when geotechnical conditions are difficult to predict. A method for the application of value of information analysis in rock mass characterization for tunnels is demonstrated in a generic case of a feasibility study of a tunnel in hard rock. Two alternative grouting designs are analyzed to find the most suitable design for the geological conditions on site and whether information from investigations is of value in the decision-making process. The uncertainty in the grouting result is described by means of a beta distribution for each alternative design. The probabilities of different geological states are based on 200 stochastic simulations of the rock mass. It was found that value of information analysis contributes to good structure in geological surveys when the geology is difficult to predict and when repeated updating is necessary. The prescribed method is a tool to design well-motivated investigation programs where geotechnical value is weighed up against execution costs.
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| 6. |
- Borg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Quality Change and Implications for Productivity Development : Housing Construction in Sweden 1990–2010
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of construction engineering and management. - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 141:1, s. 05014014-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current procedures for computing building price indices do not adequately account for changes in the quality of new residential construction. This has resulted in an upward bias when it comes to price changes, which causes published productivity changes to be too low because of overdeflation. The aim of this study is to estimate productivity figures that take quality changes into account. Knowledge about the size of quality changes is important to quantify the true level of cost increases in the residential construction sector to obtain more reliable productivity development figures. This paper shows that productivity in the residential construction sector has been underestimated since the 1990s. The findings indicate that data collection for productivity calculations should be more detailed and rigorous to measure quality changes. The paper highlights potential improvements in the calculations of productivity changes.
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| 7. |
- Chen, Le, et al.
(författare)
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Procurement and Governance Choices for Collaborative Infrastructure Projects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of construction engineering and management. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 144:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collaborative approaches to infrastructure procurement are increasingly popular around the world due to their potential to provide improved project performance compared with more traditional approaches. The problem is that project outcomes continue to be unpredictable. Previous research has shown that this is the case regardless of whether the chosen procurement approach is based on price or non price selection of the project team. This is a major choice that clients make, but the presented research shows that governance choices for project execution are more important. This is significant because clients tend to focus more on procurement choices and typically do not differentiate governance based on those choices. This needs to change, and the authors show that optimal governance configurations vary on the basis of the chosen type of team configuration. For example, three specific governance arrangements for workshops are highlighted for single teams, and two specific governance arrangements for risk/reward sharing are highlighted for multiple teams. This study identifies governance actions that are associated with superior time and cost outcomes on collaborative infrastructure projects in Australia run by experienced public-sector clients under the two procurement scenarios. Based on a survey of 320 senior managers, independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare the application of governance actions among three distinct groups of projects, based on type of team selection and type of project outcome. The study provides evidence of the most effective approaches to project governance in a country that is a world leader. The results provide much needed recommendations for improved project performance based on large-scale quantitative analysis, which before now has not existed. Overall, the study recommends more attention be paid to noncontractual governance under both approaches to team selection, although the specific actions recommended vary. © 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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| 8. |
- Feng, Kailun, et al.
(författare)
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Planning Construction Projects in Deep Uncertainty : A Data-Driven Uncertainty Analysis Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of construction engineering and management. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 148:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Construction planning is significantly affected by many uncertain factors derived from construction tasks, the environments, resources, technologies, personnel, and more. Uncertainty analysis approaches are thus critical to supporting the decision making associated with construction planning. However, the precise probability distributions (PDs) of uncertain factors are sometimes inaccessible, especially for construction projects in a novel context with limited previous experiences or similar references. These situations constitute a deep uncertainty problem, and probability-based methods are no longer applicable for construction planning. To address this challenge, an uncertainty analysis approach that integrates Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), discrete-event simulation (DES), and the patient rule induction method (PRIM) is proposed. Specifically, it is progressed by LHS and DES to generate a wide array of uncertainty scenarios represented by possible PDs to quantify the robustness of various construction decisions; then, PRIM is used to identify the vulnerable scenarios that will jeopardize project completion. The approach was implemented on a real-world project, and the results demonstrated that it was able to identify the most robust construction schemes and vulnerable scenarios for construction planning. This research contributes a data-driven technology that provides an uncertainty analysis approach for construction planning without relying on assumed probability distributions from limited, unreliable project references.
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| 9. |
- Hacker, Miriam E., et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory Enforcement Approaches for Mass Population Displacement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management - ASCE. - 1943-7862 .- 0733-9364. ; 146:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the European Refugee Situation in 2015, Sweden received an influx of forcibly displaced persons seeking asylum, the highest number of asylum seekers per capita among European Union member states. A challenge existed in providing accommodations within the Swedish built environment, in contrast to other housing solutions such as geographically distinct refugee camps. Regulations are one method of maintaining consistent standards of buildings, but they are effective only if they are enforced. During uncertainty, compliance decisions can be based on cognitive understanding (cognitive legitimacy). Otherwise, deterrence-based regulation is rooted in direct consequences (pragmatic legitimacy), and responsive regulation relies on normative motivation (moral legitimacy) for compliance. This study explored the normative aspect of regulatory enforcement through inspections. In 2017, 34 semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals involved with providing temporary accommodations in Sweden during 2015-2016. From these, six interviews with employees of regulatory enforcement agencies were qualitatively analyzed to discover how regulators legitimized. Findings show that regulators justified their inspections predominantly based on what is considered as a socially acceptable approach (procedural legitimacy) and what is understandable based on their personal experience (comprehensibility legitimacy). This study provides practical insight to regulators regarding the benefits for using responsive regulation during institutional responses to mass population displacement in urban communities. Findings will assist in ensuring that the quality of buildings is consistent for the general population and reduces variation in the safety provided by buildings. Additionally, this analysis contributes to the literature addressing mass population displacement and provides new knowledge of organizational legitimacy in technical applications.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Henric, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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A Production System Classification Matrix : Matching Product Standardization and Production System Design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of construction engineering and management. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 141:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential benefits of using off-site production in residential construction have been highlighted in many studies, but the full potential of off-site production approaches is not always realized. This shortfall can be explained by the mismatch between market requirements and the output offered by the production system, in other words, a mismatch between the degree of product standardization and the design of the production system. This mismatch could be resolved through a classification matrix that aids decision makers in matching market requirements and the degree of product standardization with the degree of off-site production and production system design. This paper describes the development of a classification matrix that guides the decision-making process during the designing of new or re-designing of existing production systems in residential construction. An important aspect of the development was balancing the trade-off between productivity and flexibility so that products can be produced competitively. The merits of the classification matrix are exemplified by five case companies with different approaches to industrialization and off-site production.
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