| 1. |
- Abba, S. I., et al.
(författare)
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Effluents quality prediction by using nonlinear dynamic block-oriented models : A system identification approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Desalination Publications. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 218, s. 52-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamic and complex municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) process should be handled efficiently to safeguard the excellent quality of effluents characteristics. Most of the available mathematical models do not efficiently capture the MWWTP process, in such cases, the data-driven models are reliable and indispensable for effective modeling of effluents characteristics. In the present research, two nonlinear system identification (NSI) models namely; Hammerstein-Wiener model (HW) and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous (NARX) neural network model, and a classical autoregressive (AR) model were proposed to predict the characteristics of the effluent of total suspended solids (TSSeff) and pHeff from Nicosia MWWTP in Cyprus. In order to attain the optimal models, two different combinations of input variables were cast through auto-correla-tion function and partial auto-correlation analysis. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using three statistical indicators the determination coefficient (DC), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC). The results of the appraisal indicated that the HW model outperformed NARX and AR models in predicting the pHeff, while the NARX model performed better than the HW and AR models for TSSeff prediction. It was evident that the accuracy of the HW increased averagely up to 18% with regards to the NARX model for pHeff . Likewise, the TSSeff performance increased averagely up to 25% with regards to the HW model. Also, in the validation phase, the HW model yielded DC, RMSE, and CC of 0.7355, 0.1071, and 0.8578 for pHeff, while the NARX model yielded 0.9804, 0.0049 and 0.9902 for TSSeff, respectively. For comparison with the traditional AR, the results showed that both HW and NARX models outperformed in (TSSeff) and pHeff prediction at the study location. Hence, the outcomes determined that the NSI model (i.e., HW and NARX) are reliable and resilient modeling tools that could be adopted for pHeff and TSSeff prediction.
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| 2. |
- Ambashta, Ritu D., et al.
(författare)
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Supported iron-based catalysts under influence of static magnetic field for the removal of TBP and EDTA
- 2015
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 54:10, s. 2700-2709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zerovalent metals offer decontamination of organic toxins in aqueous medium. In the present study, alumina-based iron and iron-nickel in the presence and the absence of magnetic field for the decontamination of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been compared. TBP decontamination was improved in the presence of zerovalent metals. EDTA decontamination was not enhanced in the presence of zerovalent metals. The decontamination of TBP using iron-based alumina was higher than iron-nickel. The surface interaction on alumina surface, as characterized by attentuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the surface interaction on metallic elements, as characterized by evaluating the magnetic moment values helped to understand the reason for the difference in role of alumina-based iron and iron-nickel on decontamination of TBP and EDTA.
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| 3. |
- Asim, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental analysis of solar thermal integrated MD system for cogeneration of drinking water and hot water for single family villa in Dubai using flat plate and evacuated tube solar collectors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : DESALINATION PUBL. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 92, s. 46-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the experimental analysis performed on solar thermal integrated membrane distillation (MD) system using flat plate and evacuated tube collectors. The system will be utilized for cogeneration of drinking water and domestic hot water for single family in Dubai comprising of four to five members. Experiments have been performed in Ras Al Khaimah Research and Innovation Centre (RAKRIC) facility. The experimental setup has been installed to achieve the required production of 15-25 L/d of drinking water and 250 L/d of hot water for domestic purposes. Experiments have been performed on MD setup at optimized flow rates of 6 L/min on hot side and 3 L/min on cold side for producing the desired distillate. The hot side and cold side MD temperature has been maintained between 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C, and 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The total annual energy demand comes out to be 8,223 kWh (6,000 kWh is for pure water and 2,223 kWh for hot water). The optimum aperture areas for flat plate and evacuated tube collector field have been identified as 8.5 and 7.5 m(2), respectively. Annual energy consumption per liter for pure water production is 1, 0.85 and 0.7 kWh/L for different MD hot and cold inlet temperatures.
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| 4. |
- Asim, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility analysis of solar combi-system for simultaneous production of pure drinking water via membrane distillation and domestic hot water for single-family villa : pilot plant setup in Dubai
- 2016
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 57:46, s. 21674-21684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the feasibility study of installation of a solar-driven integrated MD desalination system for simultaneous production of pure drinking water and solar domestic hot water in United Arab Emirates (UAE) for a single-family villa comprising of 4-5 persons. In order to satisfy the current and future demand of water for domestic purposes, the desalination of seawater is considered to be one of the most effective and strategic technique in UAE. The stress on the underground water aquifers, rapid industrial growth, and increase in urban population in UAE results in the tremendous increase in fresh water demand during the past few decades. Since the local municipalities also provide the desalinated fresh water to the people but they mostly rely on bottled water for drinking purpose. In this paper, the pilot setup plant is designed, commissioned, and installed on site in UAE using air gap membrane distillation desalination process to fulfill the demand of 15-25 L/d of pure drinking water and 250 L/d of domestic hot water for a single-family villa. Experimental analyses have been performed on this setup during summer on flat plate solar collectors having different aperture areas (Experiments have been performed for aperture area of 11.9 m(2) in this research study for feasibility purpose). The average hot-side temperature ranges from 50 to 70 degrees C and average cold-side temperature of 35 degrees C.
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| 5. |
- Bashitialshaaer, Raed, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Assessment of Brine Discharge and Wastewater in the Arabian Gulf
- 2011
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1944-3986 .- 1944-3994. ; 25, s. 276-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assesses the environmental effects of brine discharge into the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the option of mixing with wastewater to reduce the salt content in the discharge. The Arabian Gulf region occupies about 3.3% of the world area and has 1.0, 2.0 and 2.2% of the total world population in the years 1950, 2008 and 2050 (prognosis) respectively. The study area desalination capacities were obtained as 50, 40 and 45% of total world capacity at the end of 1996, 2008 and 2050 (prognosis) respectively. The trend towards increased recovery ratio in the desalination plants was considered as one important environmental factor. This will significantly increase the brine salt concentration from 1.5 to more than 2 times the seawater. The allocation of wastewater and brine is important for the Arabian Gulf. Straightforward water and salt mass balances were used to calculate residual flow, exchange flow and exchange time in the Arabian Gulf. For example, at zero wastewater discharge from 1996 to 2008, the net volume in the Arabian Gulf decreased by 7.4 million m3/day, the exchange volume increased by 69 million m3/day, and the mixing time decreased by 22.5 days. Discharging a mix of brine and wastewater in the Arabian Gulf reduces the water and salt exchange between the Gulf and the Indian Ocean. Nutrients in wastewater may cause problems such as eutrophication in the Gulf if the exchange of water is low or if wastewater is discharged to the Gulf with insufficient treatment.
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| 6. |
- Daneshvar, Ehsan, et al.
(författare)
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Application of response surface methodology for the biosorption of Acid Blue 25 dye using raw and HCl-treated macroalgae
- 2015
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 53:6, s. 1710-1723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was conducted to optimize the various experimental conditions, such as biomass loading, initial C.I. Acid Blue 25 (AB25) dye concentration, and initial solution pH for biosorption of dye on raw and HCl-treated brown alga, Padina australis and red alga, Jania adhaerens. Biosorption process was optimized in a batch system under Box-Behnken design. Second-order polynomial equation was successfully used to describe the effects of studied variables on response. The quadratic models exhibited higher R-2 values, significant p-values, and insignificant lack-of-fit p-values showed high adequacy for predicting the response. Chemically modified red alga exhibited better AB25 dye biosorption capacity as compared to modified brown alga. Maximum dye removal efficiencies of 77.34, 71.28, 50.56, and 85.19% for P. australis, HCl-treated P. australis, J. adhaerens, and HCl-treated J. adhaerens, respectively, were obtained at optimal conditions. The surface modification on tested algal biomass was found to be strongly dependent on their cell wall constituents.
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| 7. |
- Elginoz, Nilay, et al.
(författare)
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Construction of a large water treatment plant : appraisal of environmental hotspots
- 2019
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : DESALINATION PUBL. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 172, s. 309-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to examine the environmental impacts arising from the construction phase of a large conventional water treatment plant located in Istanbul by adopting a life cycle assessment methodology. The facility has a maximum flow rate of 400,000 m(3)/d and serves a population of about 2,600,000. A conventional treatment technology composed of rock and fine screens, aeration, coagulation-flocculation units, clarifiers, filters, chlorination, and sludge handling units, is used in the plant. The functional unit is 1,000 kg (1 m(3)) treated water. The investigated environmental impact categories are: global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), abiotic depletion potential fossil (ADP fossil), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP), human toxicity potential ( HTP), marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential (MAETP), and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP). The main contributors to GWP, AP, EP, and HTP are concrete and structural steel. FAETP and TETP are mostly arising due to the polyvinyl chloride pipelines and membranes, and the concrete used. The main shares in MAETP are concrete, aluminum, and structural steel. Transportation does not have a significant contribution to environmental impacts.
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| 8. |
- Ezoddin, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
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Equilibrium sampling through membrane based on a hollow fiber for determination of naproxen and diclofenac in sludge slurry using Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design
- 2014
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1944-3986 .- 1944-3994. ; 52:13-15, s. 2472-2480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three-phase hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) method was evaluated for the extraction and preconcentration of naproxen and diclofenac using a polypropylene membrane followed by analysis using HPLC or LC/MS. In this technique, the drugs were extracted into di-n-hexyl ether immobilized in the wall pores of a porous hollow fiber from 50mL of sludge slurry sample as a donor phase with pH 3, and then back-extracted into the acceptor phase located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. Experimental factors were studied in 16 trials using a Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design with an OA(16) (4(5)) matrix. The significance of these factors was investigated using analysis of variance. The extraction time was statistically demonstrated as the main factor for the extraction of naproxen and diclofenac, while ionic strength played the role of the second most important factor for HF-LPME extraction of diclofenac. The method permitted a detection limit of 0.2-0.7ngg(-1) with relative standard deviation values of 3-5%. Enrichment factors of 2,300 for naproxen and 1,400 for diclofenac were achieved. The method was applied to determine naproxen and diclofenac in sewage sludge from sewage treatment plant, Kallby (Lund, Sweden).
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| 9. |
- Faisal, Ayad A. H., et al.
(författare)
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A mathematical model for simulation the removal of cadmium and chromium from groundwater using scrap iron and aluminum as permeable reactive barrier
- 2022
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Desalination Publications. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 259, s. 186-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work is represented by the derivation of mathematical model and solving the model analytically using the method of separation of variables to describe the migration of the contaminant metal ions through a column packed with bed of permeable reactive barrier (PRB). The validity of the solution can be evaluated through the simulation of cadmium and chromium ions using scrap iron and/or aluminum by-products in the form of wastes that if not utilized to treat waste by waste can impose further burden over the ecosystem. Breakthrough curves proved that the increase of metal ions velocity will decrease the capturing of the ions; therefore, the distribu-tion coefficient and the retardation factor also decrease. Furthermore, the increase of barrier depth will increase the longevity of PRB because this will delay the migration of contaminant. A mathematical model has acceptable ability in the representation of experimental measurements with Nash-€“Sutcliff efficiency coefficients greater than 0.98. The longevity of the PRB was estimated for the field scale to be 210 and 250 d to produce contaminant effluent beyond 100 cm barrier matrix within the environmental permissible concentrations. Although groundwater velocity is highly variable, a proposed velocity of 0.25 cm/min which is assumed to be analogous to the groundwater velocity has revealed prolonged longevity of 7.02 y for the capture of chromium.
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| 10. |
- Faisal, Ayad A.H., et al.
(författare)
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Using different materials as a permeable reactive barrier for remediation of groundwater contaminated with landfill’s leachate
- 2020
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Desalination Publications. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 175, s. 152-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the utilization of the waterworks sludge by-product that generated from water supply treatment plant for the remediation of simulated groundwater contaminated with leachate spilled from the sanitary landfill by permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. Batch sorption experiments were conducted for describing the interaction between the acetogenic phase (pH=5.5±0.1) of leachate contaminated with cadmium (Cd(II)), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) or dissolved organic matter (COD) and waterworks sludge. Also, conventional sorbents such as the activated carbon and amberlite ion-exchange resin were tested to evaluate their ability in compar-ison with waterworks sludge in the remediation process. Results proved that the Langmuir model describes well the sorption data with maximum sorption capacities of 5.634, 14.908 and 3.938mg/g for Cd(II) onto sludge, NH3–N onto resin and COD onto activated carbon, respectively. The batch and column tests signified that the sludge, resin, and carbon can be used for removing Cd(II), NH3–N, and COD, respectively. The multi-layered bed of sorbents under consideration has a remarkable ability in the remediation of a leachate contaminated with Cd(II), NH3–N, and COD. Finally, the Yan model is more representative than Thomas and Belter models for characterization of the contaminants propagation in the column packed with single sorbent.
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