| 1. |
- Högselius, Per, 1973-
(författare)
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The Decay of Communism : Managing Spent Nuclear Fuel in the Soviet Union
- 2010
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - : Wiley. - 1944-4079. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore the dynamics of spent nuclear fuel management in the Soviet Union, from the origins of nuclear engineering in the 1930s to the collapse of the country in 1991. Spent nuclear fuel is analyzed in relation to other components of what is referred to as the “nuclear fuel system,” such as nuclear weapons production, breeder reactor development, uranium enrichment, and the operation of nuclear power plants. The article shows that spent fuel management in the Soviet Union centered on military applications from the 1940s up to the 1960s, after which enormous efforts were devoted to exploiting military competencies for civil purposes. A “tandem” system was partly realized in this context, in which spent fuel from VVER nuclear power plants, submarine reactors, and research installations was reprocessed and used for the production of RBMK (Chernobyl-type) fuel. The plutonium gained did not find any use, however, due to failures in fast breeder developments. RBMK spent fuel was not reprocessed. The Soviets never officially discussed the option of direct disposal of RBMK fuel and strictly distinguished between “spent fuel” and “nuclear waste.” Facing stagnation in reprocessing and breeder technology, the development came to focus increasingly on expanding interim storage capacities. But far-reaching R&D efforts in the field of nuclear waste management and storage methods meant that the Soviet Union, at the time of its collapse, had accumulated a considerable competence that might turn out to be of great value, should a direct disposal strategy be officially considered in the future.
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| 2. |
- Langlet, David, 1977-
(författare)
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Resting in Peace?—Regulating the Geological Storage of Radioactive Waste and Carbon Dioxide: Swedish and European Perspectives
- 2010
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - Berkeley : The Berkeley Electronic Press. - 1944-4079. ; 1:4, s. 113-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon capture and storage or sequestration (CCS) and production of nuclear energy are both associated with potentially hazardous geological disposal or storage operations (of captured carbon dioxide [CO2] and spent nuclear fuel, respectively). Using Sweden as a focal point, applicable domestic, EU, and international rules affecting site selection and the nature and allocation of responsibility for long-term hazard management are compared and analyzed in this article. It is inter alia concluded that the legal terminology is partly misleading and that there are many similarities, but also some significant differences, with respect to spatial and temporal aspects of risks and benefits. Whereas disposal of spent nuclear fuel is mainly the reserve of domestic law, storage of CO2 is the subject of extensive EU regulation. With neither activity is the operator expected to pay for supervision of storage/disposal sites or remedial action for any extensive period of time, though the CCS regime is slightly more in keeping with the polluter pays principle. Neither regulatory framework purports to guarantee funds, knowledge, or technology to address problems that may arise beyond some decades into the future.
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| 3. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The Logic of Policy Change after Crisis : Proximity and Subsystem Interaction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - Berkeley, Califonia : Berkeley Electronic Press. - 1944-4079. ; 1:2, s. 1-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What mechanisms link external events to policy change in a policy subsystem? Thispaper responds to this question by offering a nuanced re-conceptualization ofexternal events and by identifying the mechanisms that link disruptive crises topolicy change. Building from the tenets of the advocacy coalition framework and asynthesis of the crisis management and policy change literatures, this paper (1)introduces the concept of policy and geographical proximity as a means to showhow different types of crises alter the incentives for policy action within policysubsystems; (2) discusses an integrated set of proposals on how geographical andpolicy proximity affects the prospects of change in a policy subsystem; and (3)presents hypothesized scenarios outlining plausible intervening pathways linking acrisis to changes as contingent on policy subsystem structures.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Albrecht, Frederike
(författare)
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Government Accountability and Natural Disasters : The Impact of Natural Hazard Events on Political Trust and Satisfaction with Governments in Europe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1944-4079. ; 8:4, s. 381-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do natural disasters generally affect individuals' political trust and satisfaction with the government? To answer this question, 10 cases of minor and major disasters in Europe are examined using a quasi-experimental quantitative design that is based on ordinary least squares regression models. The results indicate that alterations in satisfaction with the government are possible, but only occur in very specific instances, and that effects are small. Changes in political trust are even more unlikely. While it was expected that disasters and their management have at least some effect on how individuals perceive their government's performance because they hold incumbents accountable for their actions, generally speaking this effect hardly occurs in relation to natural disasters. Political attitudes among individuals appear largely unaffected and cases of disasters when incumbents benefit from or are blamed for the perceived management of disasters appear to be uncommon.
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| 6. |
- Berg, Monika, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the Global Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - : Wiley. - 1944-4079. ; 8:2, s. 147-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disasters are a growing international concern that has spurred the development of political strategies and policies from international to local levels. This paper analyzes how disasters are constructed as a policy problem within the UN global strategy for disaster risk reduction. Building on a social constructivist view of policy problems, we analyze how disasters and disaster risks are being represented through these global policies, while we also pay attention to what this representation excludes and de-emphasizes. We show that the UN strategy is mostly concerned with adjusting or adapting societies to hazards, and managing risks, rather than addressing the social processes that render people vulnerable to those hazards. The predominant concern with technological and managerial solutions eclipses the need for changes in the social structures that create disaster risks. We argue that the understanding of disasters represented in the UN strategy supports an emerging holistic paradigm. However, we also argue that the holism it represents is limited rather than radical. By making visible what is excluded or not properly problematized in this representation, we point to the complexity of the task and show where its limitations lie.
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| 7. |
- Boholm, Max, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Identification: A Corpus‐Assisted Study of Websites of Government Agencies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Risks, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - : Wiley. - 1944-4079. ; 11:3, s. 242-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Government agencies have a key role in the regulation, management, and communication of risk. This paper explores how seven Swedish government agencies in the policy fields of (i) chemicals, (ii) civil contingencies, (iii) energy, (iv) environmental protection, (v) food, (vi) housing and buildings, and (vii) traffic identify risks on their websites. The relational theory of risk is used as an analytical tool to unpack risk identification. An analytical distinction is made between “risk objects,” that is, potentially harmful objects, and “objects at risk,” that is values at stake. The articulation of risk objects and objects at risk on government agencies’ websites is explored by using corpus linguistic techniques that reveal lexical and grammatical patterns of the word “risk.” The agencies identify an extensive assembly of risk objects of various kinds. The sets of risks identified are rather idiosyncratic and there is limited overlap between agencies. The identification of objects at risk is less varied and idiosyncratic than the identification of risk objects, were the agencies appear to be more in agreement. The findings are discussed in relation to the scope of risk identification; institutional explanations, and in terms of conditions for inter‐agency collaboration, identified as a key feature of effective risk governance.
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| 8. |
- Boin, Arjen, et al.
(författare)
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Hiding in Plain Sight : Conceptualizing the Creeping Crisis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - : Wiley. - 1944-4079. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 crisis is a stark reminder that modern society is vulnerable to a special species of trouble: the creeping crisis. The creeping crisis poses a deep challenge to both academics and practitioners. In the crisis literature, it remains ill-defined and understudied. It is even harder to manage. As a threat, it carries a potential for societal disruption-but that potential is not fully understood. An accumulation of these creeping crises can erode public trust in institutions. This paper proposes a definition of a creeping crisis, formulates research questions, and identifies the most relevant theoretical approaches. It provides the building blocks for the systematic study of creeping crises.
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| 9. |
- Danielsson, Erna, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Leader Normativity in Crisis Management : Tales From a School Fire
- 2020
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - : Wiley. - 1944-4079. ; 11:2, s. 139-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the handling of a school fire in a rural Swedish community and the role of the normalized narratives of leaders in crisis management. The article claims that leader normativity legitimizes certain positions and actions in a crisis management narrative and marginalizes others. The study uses theories on gender, boundary work and space to illuminate this claim. To explore such processes in narratives, we use feminist theory and critical management studies. The study shows that leader normativity creates gendered differences that result in both inequalities and the marginalization of any parts of crisis management that do not apply to leader normativity. The study shows that there is a strong norm of crisis management as an individualistic perspective that focuses on heroes and higher-level management as the people managing a crisis. Support for describing crisis management as a collective achievement and caring perspectives become marginalized.
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| 10. |
- Deverell, Edward, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Horizontal Collaboration in Crisis Management : An Experimental Study of the Duty Officer Function in Three Public Agencies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1944-4079. ; 10:4, s. 484-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lately, scholars have been engaging in studies on the crossroads between collaborative public management and crisis management, but our knowledge on how organizations work together with interorganizational goals in times of crisis or in relation to the threat that crises pose, is still limited. This study aims to illuminate how interagency horizontal collaboration plays out in practice. An interview study with twenty‐three Swedish duty officers in three organizations with critical tasks in the institutional crisis management system is carried out to unearth impediments to interagency collaboration that emerge when organizations from different policy subsystems engage in crisis collaboration. Empirically, the study contributes with new knowledge on how a crucial function in crisis management carries out work and deals with challenges. Theoretically, it contributes to the literature on crisis management collaboration by shedding light on processes of horizontal collaboration in the area of crisis management.
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