| 1. |
- Andersson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Organizing Time Exchanges: Lessons from Matching Markets
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7669 .- 1945-7685. ; 13:1, s. 338-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper considers time exchanges via a common platform (e.g., markets for exchanging time units, positions at education institutions, and tuition waivers). There are several problems associated with such markets, e.g., imbalanced outcomes, coordination problems, and inefficiencies. We model time exchanges as matching markets and construct a non-manipulable mechanism that selects an individually rational and balanced allocation which maximizes exchanges among the participating agents (and those allocations are efficient). This mechanism works on a preference domain whereby agents classify the goods provided by other participating agents as either unacceptable or acceptable, and for goods classified as acceptable agents have specific upper quotas representing their maximum needs.
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| 2. |
- Camerer, Colin F., et al.
(författare)
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Testing Game Theory in the Field : Swedish LUPI Lottery Games
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7669 .- 1945-7685. ; 3:3, s. 1-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Game theory is usually difficult to test in the field because predictions typically depend sensitively on features that are not controlled or observed. We conduct one such test using both laboratory and field data from the Swedish lowest unique positive integer (LUPI) game. In this game, players pick positive integers and whoever chooses the lowest unique number wins. Equilibrium predictions are derived assuming Poisson distributed population uncertainty. The field and lab data show similar patterns. Despite various deviations from equilibrium, there is a surprising degree of convergence toward equilibrium. Some deviations can be rationalized by a cognitive hierarchy model. (JEL C70, C93, D44, H27)
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| 3. |
- Fosgerau, Mogens, et al.
(författare)
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Equilibrium Screening and Categorical Inequality
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7685 .- 1945-7669. ; 15:3, s. 201-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze equilibrium outcomes under costly screening of candidates from distinct categories. Candidates choose how much effort to invest in skill acquisition, and the screener decides how carefully to screen each candidate. Typically, there are multiple equilibria, and ex ante identical individuals in different categories can receive different equilibrium treatment. The imposition of a quota for an initially disadvantaged group can result in increased screening intensity and skill investment by destabilizing the least active equilibrium. The endogeneity of screening enables powerful comparative statics, which we use to unify different strands in the literature on discrimination.
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| 4. |
- Friberg, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Hump-Shaped Cross-Price Effects and the Extensive Margin in Cross-Border Shopping
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7685 .- 1945-7669. ; 14:2, s. 408-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the effect of cross-border shopping on grocery demand in Norway using monthly store x category sales data from Norway's largest grocery chain 2012-2016. The sensitivity of demand to the foreign price is hump-shaped and greatest 30-60 minutes' driving distance from the closest foreign store. Combining continuous demand, fixed costs of cross-border shopping, and linear transport costs a la Hotelling, we show how this hump shape can arise through a combination of intensive and extensive margins of cross-border shopping. Our conclusions are further supported by novel survey evidence and cross-border traffic data.
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| 5. |
- Fudenberg, Drew, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Cooperation with Learning Models
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7669 .- 1945-7685. ; 16:1, s. 1-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use simulations of a simple learning model to predict cooperation rates in the experimental play of the indefinitely repeated prisoner's dilemma. We suppose that learning and the game parameters only influence play in the initial round of each supergame, and that after these rounds, play depends only on the outcome of the previous round. We find that our model predicts out-of-sample cooperation at least as well as models with more parameters and harder-to-interpret machine learning algorithms. Our results let us predict the effect of session length and help explain past findings on the role of strategic uncertainty.
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| 6. |
- Michaeli, Moti, et al.
(författare)
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From Peer Pressure to Biased Norms
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7669 .- 1945-7685. ; 9:1, s. 152-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies a coordination game between a continuum of players with heterogeneous tastes who perceive peer pressure when behaving differently from each other. It characterizes the conditions under which a social norm-a mode of behavior followed by many- exists in equilibrium and the patterns of norm compliance. The emergent norm may be biased compared to the average taste in society, yet endogenously upheld by the population. Strikingly, a biased norm will, under some circumstances, be more sustainable than a non-biased norm, which may explain the bias of various social and religious norms.
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| 7. |
- Petterson, Marco Stenborg, et al.
(författare)
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Bounds on a Slope from Size Restrictions on Economic Shocks
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7669 .- 1945-7685. ; 15:3, s. 552-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the problem of learning about the effect of one market-level variable (e.g., price) on another (e.g., quantity) in the presence of shocks to unobservables (e.g., preferences). We show that economic intuitions about the plausible size of the shocks can be informative about the parameter of interest. We illustrate with a main application to the grain market. (JEL D83, E23, G13, Q11)
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| 8. |
- Spagnolo, Giancarlo, et al.
(författare)
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Equilibrium selection in the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma : Axiomatic approach and experimental evidence
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7669 .- 1945-7685. ; 3:3, s. 164-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an axiomatic approach for equilibrium selection in the discounted, infinitely repeated symmetric Prisoner's Dilemma. Our axioms characterize a unique selection criterion that is also useful as a tool for applied comparative statics exercises as it results in a critical discount factor δ* strictly larger than δ, the standard criterion that has often been used in applications. In an experimental test we find a strong predictive power of our proposed criterion. For parameter changes where the standard and our criterion predict differently, changes in observed cooperation follow predictions based on δ*. (JEL C72, C73, C92, D81)
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| 9. |
- Von Lilienfeld-Toal, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The Political Economy of Debt Bondage
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7669 .- 1945-7685. ; 2:3, s. 44-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the effects of restricting bonded labor clauses in tenancy or debt contracts? While such restrictions reduce agents' ability to credibly commit ex ante to repay principals in states where they default on their financial obligations, they also generate a pecuniary externality on other principal-agent pairs by reducing the equilibrium profit earned by principals. This turns out to imply that on both political and normative grounds, restrictions on bonded labor become more attractive when borrowers become wealthier or the range of collateral instruments widens. (
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| 10. |
- Jönsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Initial Steps of Atmospheric Corrosion on Magnesium Alloy AZ91D
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 154:11, s. C684-C691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnesium, with its low density, is a very interesting metal in applications in which weight is important. In this work the initiation of corrosion attacks on magnesium alloy AZ91D has been investigated under atmospheric conditions, using confocal laser scanning microscopy and SKPFM. The corrosion attack starts in the alpha phase in larger grains and is under atmospheric conditions initiated at the boundary between the alpha phase and the eutectic alpha-/beta phase. The SKPFM measurement shows that a high Volta potential difference exists between the larger grains and the surrounding eutectic alpha-/beta phase and the beta phase. A microgalvanic element is formed in the thin adlayer on the surface, with anodic Mg dissolution in the alpha phase and the cathodic reaction primarily in the eutectic alpha-/beta phase. The initiation in the larger grains could be explained by the smaller aluminum content in the larger grains due to the solidification process. Even though intermetallic Al-Mn particles show a high Volta potential difference with the connecting alpha phase, they are not involved in the initiation of the corrosion. This is explained by the position within the microstructure of Al-Mn particles embedded in the beta phase and located away from the alpha phase.
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