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- Delsing, Lars-Olof
(författare)
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Pronominal case in Västerbottnian
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1949-0763 .- 0374-0463.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, I consider the use of seemingly old nominative forms (ONF) in object position. The phenomenon is noted for the dialects of Västerbotten (in Northern Sweden) by several authors. Earlier works imply that the phenomenon is rather recent (early 1900s) and that the phenomenon is in more common usage in the inland rural areas than by the more urban coast. I discuss the structural analysis presented by Holmberg in the 1980s, which involves a restriction on “subject forms” to noun phrases that are assigned Case and Theta role from different heads. I present both theoretical and empirical reasons to doubt that account. Instead, I opt for a phonological account, which claims that the ONFs are used, if and only if they are strong (stressed). The suggestion is corroborated by new data from a few informants. I end the paper by giving the details of case forms for strong and weak first- and second-person pronouns in the old and modern dialects. The modern dialect is claimed to have lost its strong object forms and now resorts to using the only available strong forms (ONFs) in both subject and object position.
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- Gregoromichelaki, Eleni, et al.
(författare)
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Completability vs (In)completeness
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0374-0463 .- 1949-0763. ; 52:2, s. 260-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Linguistic Circle of Copenhagen. In everyday conversation, no notion of “complete sentence” is required for syntactic licensing. However, so-called “fragmentary”, “incomplete”, and abandoned utterances are problematic for standard formalisms. When contextualised, such data show that (a) non-sentential utterances are adequate to underpin agent coordination, while (b) all linguistic dependencies can be systematically distributed across participants and turns. Standard models have problems accounting for such data because their notions of ‘constituency’ and ‘syntactic domain’ are independent of performance considerations. Concomitantly, we argue that no notion of “full proposition” or encoded speech act is necessary for successful interaction: strings, contents, and joint actions emerge in conversation without any single participant having envisaged in advance the outcome of their own or their interlocutors’ actions. Nonetheless, morphosyntactic and semantic licensing mechanisms need to apply incrementally and subsententially. We argue that, while a representational level of abstract syntax, divorced from conceptual structure and physical action, impedes natural accounts of subsentential coordination phenomena, a view of grammar as a “skill” employing domain-general mechanisms, rather than fixed form-meaning mappings, is needed instead. We provide a sketch of a predictive and incremental architecture (Dynamic Syntax) within which underspecification and time-relative update of meanings and utterances constitute the sole concept of “syntax”.
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- Hallonsten Halling, Pernilla
(författare)
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Prototypical adverbs : from comparative concept to typological prototype
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. International Journal of Structural Linguistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0374-0463 .- 1949-0763. ; 49:1, s. 37-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While adjectives and their potential universality have been much debated, adverbs remain rather neglected in the typological and cognitive literature. From a typological perspective, adjectives can be dealt with using a comparative concept: rather than assuming from the outset the existence of a class of adjectives, a particular language-independent definition of adjectives is used as a heuristic for examining recurrent form-meaning combinations. In the present article, adverb is addressed as a comparative concept in the same vein: an adverb is a lexeme that denotes a descriptive property and can be used to narrow the predication of a verb. This comparative concept is applied to a sample of 41 languages from the whole world. The results show that although there are diverse structural possibilities in terms of different adverbial constructions of varying spread and productivity, simple adverbs are found in a considerable number of unrelated languages, even in some cases where adjectives cannot be found. Clear adverb subtypes reminiscent of semantic types of adjectives further emerge, leading to a discussion of whether the comparative concepts in this case allow us to uncover a substantial cross-linguistic prototype.
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- Heegård, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Geomorphic coding in Palula and Kalasha
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. International Journal of Structural Linguistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0374-0463 .- 1949-0763. ; 50:2, s. 129-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article describes the geomorphic systems of spatial reference in the two Indo-Aryan languages Palula and Kalasha, spoken in adjacent areas of an alpine region in Northwestern Pakistan. Palula and Kalasha encode the inclination of the mountain slope as well as the flow of the river, in systematic and similar ways, and by use of distinct sets of nominal lexemes that may function adverbially. In their verbal systems, only Palula encode, landscape features in a systematic way, but both languages make use of a number of verbal sets that in different ways emphasise boundary-crossing. The article relates the analysis to Palmer's Topographic Correspondence Hypothesis that predicts that the linguistic system of spatial reference will reflect the topography of the surrounding landscape. The analysis of the geomorphic systems in Palula and Kalasha supports this hypothesis. However, data from a survey of spatial strategies in neighbouring languages, i.e., languages spoken in a similar alpine landscape, reveal another system that does not to the same extent or in a similar way encode typical landscape features such as the mountain slope and the flow of the river. This calls for a revision of Palmer's hypothesis that also takes language contact into consideration.
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- Johansson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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The De-Iconization and Rebuilding of Iconicity in Spatial Deixis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. International Journal of Structural Linguistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1949-0763. ; 47:1, s. 4-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates iconicity as a possible driving force behind the rebuilding of deictic systems and forms in individual languages. A comparison of a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European deictic system (based mainly on Beekes, Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 1995) compared with the systems of attested Indo-European languages makes it clear that both systems and forms have undergone change, may it be through sound change, analogy, and/or semantic change. Based on the assumptions by Ultan (Universals of Human Language 2, Phonology, 1978), Woodworth (1991), Traunmüller (Tongues and Texts Unlimited. Studies in Honour of Tore Jansson on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Anniversary, 1994), and Johansson and Zlatev (Motivations for Sound Symbolism in Spatial Deixis: A Typological Study of 101 languages. The Public Journal of Semiotics, 2013), iconicity obviously plays a role in the synchronic systems of spatial deixis, which in turn indicates the iconicity has played a role on the process of change, both of the forms themselves and the systems as such. Data from 13 contemporary and 17 historical languages, belonging to 12 Indo-European branches was used. Vowels and consonants were divided into voiceless sounds as being more proximal, and voiced sounds being more distal (see the explanation below). The voiced sounds were divided according to the frequency of their f2, with [i] and voiced palatal consonants as more proximal and [u] as more distal (Ohala, Sound Symbolism, 1994). Results were divided into motivated (fulfilling the expected relation between deictic form and sound value), non-motivated (arbitrary), and reversed-motivated (the reverse of motivated). Five strategies of rebuilding deictic systems and forms were identified. None of the languages investigated have used a system identical to the Proto-Indo-European reconstructed system. Mostly internal material from the Proto-Indo-European deictic system was used in the forms of the systems of the daughter languages. Generally, a statistically significant motivated support was found: 70.2% of the forms of the languages used were identified as motivated, 9.2–10.4% were non-motivated and 19.4–20.7% reversed-motivated. Due to the different strategies of rebuilding systems and forms, generative explanations for the motivated support should be excluded. Hence, iconicity seemed to be reintroduced after the decay, by means of language change, of a former (motivated) deictic system. Therefore, it turned out as a very likely conclusion that iconicity has been and is involved in the rebuilding of deictic material, relating to the systems as such.
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- Kronning, Hans, Professor, 1953-
(författare)
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Modalité, typologie et cognition : la construction devoir + INFINITIF comme périphrase future et évidentielle
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Linguistica Hafniensia. International Journal of Structural Linguistics. - : Routledge. - 0374-0463 .- 1949-0763.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To pay homage to the memory of Michael Herslund we will examine the hypothesis that the French modal verb devoir + Infinitive can be seen as an evidential future periphrasis from a typological perspective in uses such as La pluie doit s’abattre sur une bonne partie du pays (‘The rain will pour down on a good part of the country’). More specifically, we will scrutinize the cases where devoir is in the Present, the inflectional Future and the Conditional. On the basis of recent authentic material it will be contended that evidentiality in these cases is reportive.
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