| 1. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy in Detained Boys : The Search for Primary and Secondary Variants in a Clinical Setting
- 2018
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Ingår i: Personality Disorders. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1949-2715 .- 1949-2723. ; 9:5, s. 408-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates whether primary and secondary variants of psychopathy can be identified in an applied, forensic setting based on self-reports of psychopathy and anxiety. Data were available for two samples of detained boys (Sample A: N = 847, Sample B: N = 749). Using three psychopathy dimensions and anxiety as clustering variables, latent profile analysis arrived at 4 latent classes (LCs) that were tentatively labeled as control (LC1), high anxiety (LC2), moderate psychopathy (LC3). and high psychopathy (LC4). Boys in LC4 engaged in higher levels of alcohol/drug use, conduct problems, reactive and proactive aggression than their counterparts in LC1 and in higher levels of conduct problems, alcohol/drug use, and proactive aggression than boys in LC3. Findings further indicated that the risk for future nonviolent arrests was the highest in LC4 as compared with LC2 and LC3, though no class differences in risk for future violent arrests emerged. Overall, these findings were well replicated in Sample B. Exploratory analyses included additional measures of negative affect (depressed feeling and anger-irritability), maltreatment, and/or number of past arrests (as proxy of a 4th psychopathy dimension) as clustering variables and identified all but 1 (LC3) of the 4 aforementioned LCs. Notwithstanding that our findings challenge the expected relevance of differentiating primary and secondary variants of youth psychopathy, they do suggest that it is possible to identify detained boys with high levels of psychopathic traits who display features associated with adult psychopathy. Implications for theory. research, and practice are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Gatner, Dylan T., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the Incremental and Interactive Effects of Boldness With Meanness and Disinhibition Within the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Personality Disorders. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1949-2715 .- 1949-2723. ; 7:3, s. 259-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) comprises 3 phenotypic domains: Meanness, Disinhibition, and Boldness. Ongoing controversy surrounds the relevance of Boldness in the conceptualization and assessment of psychopathy. In the current study, undergraduate students (N = 439) completed the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (Patrick, 2010) to examine the association between Boldness and a host of theoretically relevant external criteria. Boldness was generally unrelated to either prosocial or harmful criteria. Boldness rarely provided incremental value above or interacted with Meanness and Disinhibition with respect to external criteria. Curvilinear effects of Boldness rarely emerged. The findings suggest that Boldness might not be a central construct in the definition of psychopathic personality disorder. Implications for the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) psychopathic specifier are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Maddux, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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A Case of Depressive Personality Disorder: Aligning Theory, Practice, and Clinical Research
- 2014
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Ingår i: Personality Disorders-Theory Research and Treatment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1949-2723 .- 1949-2715. ; 5:1, s. 117-124
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depressive personality disorder (DPD) is highly studied and common in clinical settings. Nevertheless, it is rife with controversies and often overshadowed by major depression and dysthymia with which it shares many similarities but also is clinically distinct. Possibly as a result, DPD is underdiagnosed and misunderstood in clinical care. Thus the goal of this practice review is to present a case from psychiatric clinical work illustrating how DPD may be commonly overlooked in routine care, and how the conceptualization of this case and its treatment plan changed course once DPD was considered by treating staff, ultimately contributing to the successful outcome of the case. Questions elicited by the case are subsequently discussed in the context of the empirical literature on DPD, allowing for a clearer picture to emerge on DPD and its role in the development, course, and treatment of depression.
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| 5. |
- Neumann, Craig S., et al.
(författare)
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The psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R), low anxiety, and fearlessness : a structural equation modeling analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Personality disorders: theory, research, and treatment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1949-2715 .- 1949-2723. ; 4:2, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study employed a large representative sample of violent male offenders within the Swedish prison system to examine the factor structure of the PCL-R and the latent variable relations between the PCL-R items and clinical ratings of low trait anxiety and trait fearlessness (LAF). Consistent with previous research, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed strong support for the four-factor model of psychopathy (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and Antisocial). Also, a series of CFAs revealed that the LAF items could be placed on any of the PCL-R factors without any changes in model fit. Finally, structural equation modeling results indicated that a PCL-R superordinate factor was able to account for most of the variance of a separate LAF factor. Taken together, the results indicate that if low anxiety and fearlessness, as measured via clinical ratings, are part of the psychopathy construct they are comprehensively accounted for by extant PCL-R items.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Björn
(författare)
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Searching for Machiavelli but Finding Psychopathy and Narcissism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Personality Disorders. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1949-2715 .- 1949-2723. ; 10:3, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machiavellianism is a psychological construct reflecting individual differences in manipulative and strategic thinking, pragmatic morality, and a cynical outlook on life. A recent stream of research has shown that Machiavellianism and psychopathy seem to be redundant constructs and that measures of Machiavellianism do not correspond well with theoretical expectations. In the present study, I juxtapose multiple measures of Machiavellianism against normal (i.e., the five-factor model and HEXACO) and abnormal (e.g., narcissism, psychopathy, impulsivity, and personality dysfunction) personality traits in an online sample (N = 591). Using Goldberg’s (2006) Bass–Ackwards approach, I investigate whether typical Machiavellian traits can be found anywhere in the construct hierarchy by comparing the levels of the hierarchy with expert-rated five-factor model prototypes of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and external correlates. Our results indicate that measures of Machiavellianism mostly reflect psychopathy and narcissism. The implications of these results are discussed, including what the future may hold for Machiavellianism.
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