| 1. |
- Almas, Muhammad Shoaib, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerability of Synchrophasor-based WAMPAC Applications’ to Time Synchronization Spoofing
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - : IEEE. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 9:5, s. 4601-4612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper experimentally assesses the impact of time synchronization spoofing attacks (TSSA) on synchrophasor-based Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control applications. Phase Angle Monitoring (PAM), anti-islanding protection and power oscillation damping applications are investigated. TSSA are created using a real-time IRIG-B signal generator and power system models are executed using a real-time simulator with commercial phasor measurement units (PMUs) coupled to them as hardware-in-the-loop. Because PMUs utilize time synchronization signals to compute synchrophasors, an error in the PMUs’ time input introduces a proportional phase error in the voltage or current phase measurements provided by the PMU. The experiments conclude that a phase angle monitoring application will show erroneous power transfers, whereas the anti-islanding protection mal-operates and the damping controller introduces negative damping in the system as a result of the time synchronization error incurred in the PMUs due to TSSA.The proposed test-bench and TSSA approach can be used to investigate the impact of TSSA on any WAMPAC application and to determine the time synchronization error threshold that can be tolerated by these WAMPAC applications.
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| 2. |
- Alvarez Perez, Manuel Alejandro, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A Generic Storage Model Based on a Future Cost Piecewise-Linear Approximation
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 10:1, s. 878-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents a generic storage model (GSM) inspired by the scheduling of hydraulic reservoirs. The model for steady state short-term (ST) operational studies interlaces with the long-term (LT) energy scheduling through a piecewise-linear Future Cost Function (FCF). Under the assumption that a Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP) approach has been used to solve the energy schedule for the LT, the FCF output from that study will be processed to obtain an equivalent marginal opportunity cost for the storage unit. The linear characteristic of a segment of the future cost function (FCF) will allow a linear modeling of the storage unit production cost. This formulation will help to coordinate the renewable resource along with storage facilities in order to find the optimal operation cost while meeting end-point conditions for the long-term plan of the energy storage. The generic model will be implemented to represent a battery storage and a pumped-hydro storage. A stochastic unit commitment (SUC) with the GSM will be formulated and tested to assess the day-ahead scheduling strategy of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) facing uncertainties from production, consumption, and market prices.
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| 3. |
- Antoniadou-Plytaria, Kyriaki, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Market-based Energy Management Model of a Building Microgrid Considering Battery Degradation
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 12:2, s. 1794-1804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a model for energy management system of a building microgrid coupled with a battery energy storage. The model can be used to dispatch the battery as a flexible energy resource using a market-based setting. The battery is modeled considering battery degradation and real-life operation characteristics derived from measurements at a residential building. The performance of the model was evaluated first with simulations and integrated afterwards to an energy management system, which was demonstrated at a real residential building (HSB Living Lab) equipped with photovoltaic and battery storage systems. The simulation results showed that the building owner, and subsequently the residents, could benefit from the proposed model in reduced annual cost up to 3.1% under the considered pricing scheme. The demonstration results showed that dispatch under the measurement-based model could decrease the undelivered energy over the daily requested amount from the battery from 13.3% to 3.7%. Thus, the proposed model, which couples the measurement-based dispatch with battery degradation, can lead to a more accurate estimation of the building operation cost and an improved overall performance of battery as a flexible resource in building microgrids.
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| 4. |
- Antoniadou-Plytaria, Kyriaki, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Scenario-based Stochastic Optimization for Energy and Flexibility Dispatch of a Microgrid
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 13:5, s. 3328-3341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy storage is one of the most important components of microgrids with non-dispatchable generators and can offer both energy and flexibility services when the microgrid operates in grid-connected mode. This paper proposes a scenario-based stochastic optimization model that can be used to determine the energy and flexibility dispatch of a residential microgrid with solar and stationary battery systems. The objective of the model is to minimize the expected energy and peak power cost as well as the battery aging cost, while maximizing the expected revenue from flexibility. The formulated stochastic optimization problem is solved in rolling horizon with the uncertainty model being dynamically updated to consider the most recent forecast profiles for solar power and electricity demand. The benefits of the proposed approach were demonstrated by simulating the daily operation of a real building. The results showed that the estimated flexibility was successfully dispatched yielding an economic value of at least 7% of the operation cost of the building microgrid. The model can be used by flexibility providers to assess their flexibility and design a bidding strategy as well as by system operators to design incentives for flexibility providers.
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| 5. |
- Anwar, Adnan, et al.
(författare)
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HPC-Based Intelligent Volt/VAr Control of Unbalanced Distribution Smart Grid in the Presence of Noise
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - : IEEE. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 8:3, s. 1446-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of Volt/VAr optimization has been significantly improved due to the integration of measurement data obtained from the advanced metering infrastructure of a smart grid. However, most of the existing works lack: 1) realistic unbalanced multi-phase distribution system modeling; 2) scalability of the Volt/VAr algorithm for larger test system; and 3) ability to handle gross errors and noise in data processing. In this paper, we consider realistic distribution system models that include unbalanced loadings and multi-phased feeders and the presence of gross errors such as communication errors and device malfunction, as well as random noise. At the core of the optimization process is an intelligent particle swarm optimization-based technique that is parallelized using high performance computing technique to solve Volt/VAr-based power loss minimization problem. Extensive experiments covering the different aspects of the proposed framework show significant improvement over existing Volt/VAr approaches in terms of both the accuracy and scalability on IEEE 123 node and a larger IEEE 8500 node benchmark test systems.
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| 6. |
- Astero, Poria, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Hosting Capacity of Rooftop PVs by Quadratic Control of an LV-Central BSS
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; PP:99, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High integration of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) plants in distribution systems leads to new technical challenges: reverse-active power and voltage rise in low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) grids. These challenges limit the maximum amount of power can be produced by PVs in LV and MV grids, called the hosting capacity (HC). Battery storage systems (BSSs) have been used in many studies to decrease the reverse power and improve the HC by controlling the active power. However, the influence of a central BSS on the HC can be greatly improved by using a quadratic power control, simultaneous active and reactive power control, and by selecting of the optimal battery size, the converter size, and the place of the central BSS. The effectiveness of the quadratic power control was not seen in previous works due to the fact that grids with one level of voltage without modeling of MV/LV transformers were simulated. This paper develops a method to select the optimal size of the battery and converter unit as well as the optimal place of an LV-central BSS having an optimal quadratic power control. The simulation results show considerable effects of the optimal selection of an LV-central BSS on the HC improvement.
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| 7. |
- Avula, Ramana R., 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Design Framework for Privacy-Aware Demand-Side Management with Realistic Energy Storage Model
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 12:4, s. 3503-3513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demand-side management (DSM) is a process by which the user demand patterns are modified to meet certain desired objectives. Traditionally, DSM was utility-driven, but with an increase in the integration of renewable sources and privacy-conscious consumers, it also becomes a “consumer-driven" process. Promising theoretical studies have shown that privacy can be achieved by shaping the user demand using an energy storage system (ESS). In this paper, we present a framework for utility-driven DSM while considering the user privacy and the ESS operational cost due to its energy losses and capacity degradation. We propose an ESS model using a circuit-based and data-driven approach that can be used to capture the ESS characteristics in control strategy designs. We measure privacy leakage using the Bayesian risk of a hypothesis testing adversary and present a novel recursive algorithm to compute the optimal privacy control strategy. Further, we design an energy-flow control strategy that achieves the Pareto-optimal trade-off between privacy leakage, deviation of demand from a DSM target profile, and the ESS cost. With numerical experiments using real household data and an emulated lithium-ion battery, we show that the desired level of privacy and demand shaping performance can be achieved while reducing the ESS degradation.
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| 8. |
- Babu, Sajeesh, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability Evaluation of Distribution Structures Considering the Presence of False Trips
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - : IEEE. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method for modelling the different modes of failures in a substation and feeder architecture along with updating the possible false tripping scenarios in it. A traditional approach to collectively assess the failure modes using reliability block diagram is reviewed, and the method is updated to count in the unaccounted false tripping scenarios. A generalizable radial feeder branching structure is adopted and the effect of total feeder length and number of feeders from each busbar is examined and modelled with the help of the updated reliability block diagram. The modelled trends are also studied from real-world substation architectures. Thus, the analysis attains an improved estimation of the complex hidden failure probabilities combining theoretical and practical models.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bangalore, Pramod, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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An Artificial Neural Network Approach for Early Fault Detection of Gearbox Bearings
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 6:2, s. 980-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gearbox has proven to be a major contributor toward downtime in wind turbines. The majority of failures in the gearbox originate from the gearbox bearings. An early indication of possible wear and tear in the gearbox bearings may be used for effective predictive maintenance, thereby reducing the overall cost of maintenance. This paper introduces a self-evolving maintenance scheduler framework for maintenance management of wind turbines. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based condition monitoring approach using data from supervisory control and data acquisition system is proposed. The ANN-based condition monitoring approach is applied to gearbox bearings with real data from onshore wind turbines, rated 2 MW, and located in the south of Sweden. The results demonstrate that the proposed ANN-based condition monitoring approach is capable of indicating severe damage in the components being monitored in advance.
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