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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Famines and mortality crises in 18th to 19th century southern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Genus: Journal of Population Sciences. - Rome : Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza. - 2035-5556. ; 67:2, s. 119-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Causality is an important but complicated issue, not only within social sciences in general but also within economic and historical demography. Here we are dealing with two different, but related, problems of causality. The first is to what extent the impact of food prices on mortality is biased when selecting on years with mortality crises. The second concerns the problem of mixing factors that directly and indirectly have an impact on mortality. Dealing with the first problem, we compare the effects of food prices on child and adult mortality when selecting on mortality crises with a standard approach without selection. When dealing with the second problem we use the additive hazards model, in combination with dynamic path analysis, which allows for investigating the mediating effect of intermediate covariates in a causal framework. We use individual level data from the Scanian Economic Demographic Database for five rural parishes for the period 1766 to 1865. Data on food prices refers to the local area of these parishes. The statistical analyses are performed in the R statistical computing environment, especially with the aid of the package eha. The main findings are that selecting on mortality crises created a large bias in the direction of overestimating the impact of food prices and that that the direct effects of food prices are dominating.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Drefahl, Sven, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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How does the age of the youngest child affect parental survival?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genus. - 2035-5556. ; 79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has investigated several different aspects of the relationship between having a child and parental mortality. One aspect of research that has been neglected until now is the age of the child. If children have an effect on parental mortality, this is likely to change as they grow up. We apply hazard regression models to longitudinal Swedish register data of the total population for men and women separately. Adjusting for a variety of control variables, we find that parents with younger children experience a substantive mortality advantage compared to parents—of the same age—who have older children. The mortality advantage decreases gradually as the age of the youngest child increases. Robustness checks confirm that this result cannot be explained by differences in the parent’s age and parental age at first birth. Childless women and men of the same age experience the highest mortality. Additional models for different causes of death suggest that selection, behavioral changes, and unobserved protective effects contribute to this pattern.
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| 5. |
- Duvander, Ann-Zofie, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Access to parenting leaves for recent immigrants : a cross-national view of policy architecture in Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genus. - 2035-5556. ; 79:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parenting leaves play a crucial part in supporting women’s labour force participation as well as men’s participation in infant care. A major question is who has access to such leave policies and earlier research has pointed out large variations in eligibility. This article focuses on the leaves that are available to recently arrived immigrants, parents who are in a specific situation of being in transition between systems. Using information from the database of leave policies, the International Review of Leave Policies and Research 2021 (leavenetwork.org), we map eligibility and entitlements in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK, all countries with tiered systems of parenting leave entitlement as well as relatively large recent immigrant populations. Our findings indicate that the leave policies available to recent immigrants can be patchwork in nature and of a very different generosity to the benefits available to many other parents. In addition, the benefits available to this group are often (even) more gendered and perhaps suggest a fall back to a policy logic of maternalism. We discuss how parenting leave may facilitate (or not) an exit from the early vulnerable stage that many immigrant parents face during the first few years in a new country.
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| 6. |
- Duvander, Ann-Zofie, et al.
(författare)
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Decisions on marriage? Couples’ decisions on union transition in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2035-5556. ; 76:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marriage is an institution that has become optional for many. This study investigates how decisions are taken regarding marriage among Swedish cohabiting couples in the twenty-first century, specifically focusing on whose intentions to marry are most decisive. We use the Young Adult Panel Study conducted in 2009 with augmented register data for 2009–2014 in order to observe both partners’ intentions and to then follow up on which couples ultimately married. The study finds that women’s and men’s intentions to marry seem to be equally important, but that there are gendered differences by educational level: women’s intentions carry more weight among highly educated couples, while men’s intentions carry more weight among lower educated couples.
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| 7. |
- Haandrikman, Karen, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional variation in short distance homogamy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Genus - Journal of Population Sciences. - Rome : University of Rome “La Sapienza”. - 2035-5556. ; 67:1, s. 45-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A third of all Dutch cohabiters choose a partner from the same municipality, so-called short distance homogamy. This article analyses the regional variation in this phenomenon, and it explains this variation in terms of geographical, socioeconomic, demographic and cultural determinants. Population register data on all new cohabiters in 2004 were used. Regression methods were employed to explain spatial patterns. Regional variation in short distance homogamy is largely explained by geographical and socioeconomic indicators, namely the size of an area, the degree of urbanisation, and the level of education and income of inhabitants. Moreover, cultural differences between regions contribute to spatial differences in short distance homogamy. Culture, geography and socio-economic class determine the predominant spatial patterns of social contact, including the choice of a life partner.
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| 8. |
- Helgertz, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The validity of astrological predictions on marriage and divorce : a longitudinal analysis of Swedish register data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genus: Journal of Population Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2035-5556. ; 76:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines astrology, a concept that is considered unscientific by broad segments of the population in the western world. Despite this, astrology remains for some an important source for advice regarding choices in a range of different matters, including career and relationships. The continuing popularity of astrology may at least partly be linked to an insufficient body of empirical research that has been able to test hypotheses formulated by astrological theory, both due to a lack of data beyond very small study populations as well as astrological predictions frequently being vague and thereby difficult to test. This article examines how differences in astrological favorability influence partner choice in marriage as well as the divorce risk among married couples using longitudinal individual-level data from Sweden over the period 1968-2001. The results fail to provide any consistent evidence to support the notion that astrologically more compatible couples are either overrepresented among observed marital unions or associated with a lower risk of divorce.
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| 9. |
- Kan, Maxim, 1986-
(författare)
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Are gender attitudes and gender division of housework and childcare related to fertility intentions in Kazakhstan?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genus. - 2035-5556. ; 79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has found evidence of positive associations between gender-egalitarian attitudes or more equal division of housework/childcare and short-term fertility intentions in developed countries of Europe and East Asia. This study extends the literature to the context of a developing country in the post-communist region—Kazakhstan, which has progressed well in public gender equality but may not have developed private gender equality to the same extent as more developed countries. The study explores how (1) gender attitudes, (2) gender behaviour (housework and childcare division), and (3) consistency between gender attitudes and gender behaviour are associated with fertility intentions in this country. Kazakhstan’s Generations and Gender Survey of 2020 was used for the analyses. The dependent variable was treated as an interval measure, where intentions move along a continuum of certainty. Linear regressions were employed to test the hypotheses. The results show that gender-egalitarian attitudes were negatively associated with short-term fertility intentions for women with two and more children. Likewise, a more equal division of housework was negatively associated with short-term fertility intentions for both women and men, whereas more equal sharing of childcare was negatively associated with men’s fertility intentions. Also, in contrast to studies in more developed contexts, an egalitarian match of gender attitudes and behaviour (either housework or childcare) was negatively associated with short-term childbearing intentions for both women and men. Overall, greater gender equality in the family has a negative relationship with short-term fertility intentions in Kazakhstan. The study provides new and compelling evidence about the relationship between gender equality and fertility in a context that has not previously been studied.
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| 10. |
- Kazenin, Konstantin, 1971-
(författare)
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Gender composition of children and desires for the next child in "son preference" countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Genus. - 2035-5556. ; 80:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the role of gender preferences for children in formation of desires for the next child in nine countries of the Middle East and North Africa, South and Central Asia, the Caucasus and Balkans. For all countries selected for the study, effects of son preference have been detected in actual fertility during recent decades, but gender preferences in desires for the next child have been studied much less systematically. Using Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in these countries in 2010–2021, desires to stop fertility and to have a child within 2 years are considered separately for women with one and two living children. For women with one living child, the gender of that child has a significant effect on these desires only in South-Asian countries, where women who only have a daughter are more likely to want to have another child within 2 years and less likely to want to stop childbearing compared to women who only have a son. For women with two living children, in most of the considered countries, the desire to have another child within 2 years only shows a preference for having at least one son, whereas the desire to stop fertility shows effects of balanced gender preference in six out of the nine countries. The preference for a balanced gender composition of children observed for the desire to stop fertility actualizes the question of whether a son preference will remain unchallenged in actual fertility in these countries in the near future. In the final section, possible social correlates of son preference and balanced gender preference are discussed on the example of two countries, Bangladesh and Nepal.
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