| 1. |
- Kettis, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the appropriateness of extemporaneous preparations prescribed in Swedish primary care
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0961-7671 .- 2042-7174. ; 4:2, s. 117-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extemporaneous preparations are drugs that are compounded for individual patients or made in larger batches for stock-keeping. This study aimed to assess the prescribing of extemporaneous preparations in Swedish primary care, both therapeutically and pharmaceutically. An analysis of the extent to which alternative commercial drugs were available at the time of the prescription was also conducted.Information was taken from the Swedish diagnosis and therapy survey for the time period October, 1986, to September, 1988, inclusive. This survey collects from a random sample of physicians the details of all prescriptions they write during one week, as well as the corresponding diagnoses. The present study analysed the 1,043 extemporaneous prescriptions written during that period.The majority (62 per cent) were considered to be therapeutically appropriate in that they formed recommended treatment for the diagnosis in question according to the medical literature. Another 15 per cent were neither recommended nor questioned in the consulted sources; 20 per cent were designated as controversial because they were recommended in some sources and questioned in others. About 3.5 per cent were considered to be therapeutically inappropriate, ie, the literature suggested that their use should be abandoned. One per cent were pharmaceutically inappropriate. Many preparations probably could have been replaced by commercial alternatives, about half differing from available commercial alternatives only by strength and/or vehicle. Whether substitutions could have been made in practice would depend on the clinical picture in the individual patient case.
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| 2. |
- Kettis, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with the prescribing of extemporanous preparations in Sweden
- 1995
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0961-7671 .- 2042-7174. ; 3:2, s. 91-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extemporaneous preparations are drugs that are compounded for individual patients or made in larger batches for stock-keeping. This study aimed to analyse factors associated with the prescribing of such preparations in Sweden.Information was taken from the Swedish diagnosis and therapy survey for the time period October, 1986, to September, 1988, inclusive. This survey collects from a random sample of doctors the details of all prescriptions they write during one week, as well as all corresponding diagnoses. The present study analysed extemporaneous prescriptions and the characteristics of doctors issuing them.Of the 2,142 doctors who contributed prescriptions to the survey, 19 per cent wrote at least one prescription for an extemporaneous preparation. Young patients obtained such preparations more than older patients. Proportionately fewer of the youngest doctors prescribed them. Dermatologists prescribed extemporaneous preparations much more commonly than other doctors, and most of the preparations concerned were dermatologicals. The most common diagnosis for the prescribing of these preparations was contact eczema, with psoriasis second. The findings suggest that the prescribing of extemporaneous preparations is established and continuing and not just a feature of obsolete practice. However, the appropriateness of these products should be further analysed and assessed to ensure that they are clinically and pharmaceutically safe and effective.
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| 3. |
- Nordén-Hägg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of a nationwide web-based system : reporting dispensing errors in Swedish pharmacies
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2042-7174 .- 0961-7671. ; 20:1, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To design and evaluate a national web-based dispensing error reporting system for all Swedish pharmacies, replacing the currently used paper-based system.METHODS: A working group designed the new system. The number of reports before (1999-2003) and after (2004-2005) introduction was studied in a descriptive analysis. The completeness of reports was evaluated through the study of 100 randomly selected reports from the third quarter of 2003 and 2004 from each system. Evaluation was done by chi-square analysis; P>0.05. Perceptions on introduction were collected in semi-structured interviews (working group and one assistant) and subjected to descriptive analysis.KEY FINDINGS: Reported error rate per 100,000 dispensed items was 12.9 pre- and 21.4 post implementation. Completeness-analysis revealed that information was more comprehensively reported in the new system. A significant difference existed in the extent to which incidents were described as well as details provided of the medicine and the patient. According to the interviewees, users initially found the web-based system difficult to handle. It took more than 6 months to change this perception.CONCLUSIONS: Introducing a web-based system for reporting dispensing errors had an impact on quantity of reports and completeness. Time and patience was needed to implement the changes.
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacists experiences and attitudes regarding generic drugs and generic substitution : Two sides of the coin
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0961-7671 .- 2042-7174. ; 20:6, s. 377-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Generic drug substitution reduces costs for medicines, but the downsides include unintentional double medication, confusion and anxiety among patients. Information from pharmacists affects patients' experiences of substitution with generic drugs. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and attitudes to generic substitution among Swedish community pharmacists. Methods An interview guide was developed. Semi-structured interviews with community pharmacists were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was inductive; extracts from the transcripts were compared and combined to form themes and subcategories. Pharmacists from a heterogeneous convenience sample of pharmacies were interviewed until data saturation had been achieved. Key findings Sixteen pharmacists were interviewed. Three main themes and twelve subcategories were identified, with the main themes being the role of the pharmacist, pharmacists' concerns regarding patients, and the generic drug. Pharmacists found it positive that generic substitution decreases the costs for pharmaceuticals but also emphasized that the switch can confuse and worry patients, which could result in less benefit from treatment. Respondents claimed that generic substitution has changed the focus in the pharmacist-patient meeting towards economics and regulations. Conclusion According to the interviewed pharmacists generic substitution is not primarily an issue of generic versus brand-name products, but concerns above all the challenges that the switch implies for patients and pharmacists. To prevent known confusion and concerns among patients it is important that community pharmacists acquire the necessary tools and knowledge to manage this situation; pharmacists themselves as well as pharmacy owners and authorities share responsibility for this.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Frisk, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Competence, competition and collaboration : Perceived challenges among Swedish community pharmacists engaging in pharmaceutical services provision and research.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0961-7671 .- 2042-7174. ; 27:4, s. 346-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Creating evidence of effectiveness is an important part of service development. In an ongoing research project Swedish community pharmacists participate in services research by recruiting patients initiated on statins to an adherence-promoting cognitive pharmaceutical service, jointly run by nurses and pharmacists.AIMS: To explore the pharmacists' experiences of providing part of the service and their views regarding future participation in practice research aiming at developing cognitive pharmaceutical services.METHODS: Focus group interviews were conducted with community pharmacists from pharmacies participating in the project. A semi-structured interview guide was developed, based on the aim and earlier research.RESULTS: The domains identified were the service itself, operative conditions, the pharmacists' role/profession and stakeholders. The research project was thought to promote the local pharmacy to customers, increase job satisfaction and contribute to service development. However, a perceived lack of competence among pharmacists affected both patient communication and project involvement. Additional resources and strengthened collaboration with other local healthcare were requested. Competition among pharmacy chains was identified as a barrier to patient-centred service provision and research.CONCLUSION: The current operative conditions in Swedish community pharmacies were perceived by pharmacists as hampering cognitive pharmaceutical services provision and research. Additional resources, improved communication skills and research competence, and increased collaboration with other healthcare and across pharmacy chains are necessary changes. A stronger patient-centred perspective among all stakeholders is required.
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| 8. |
- Gebregeorgise, Dawit T, et al.
(författare)
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Customers' perceptions of and satisfaction with medicine retail outlet services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : a cross-sectional study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0961-7671 .- 2042-7174. ; 26:3, s. 222-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess customers' perceptions of and satisfaction with MRO services in Addis Ababa and to explore factors associated with their satisfaction and reasons for visits.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among customers selected from 28 MROs in Addis Ababa, using multi-stage sampling techniques. Simple descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression at 95% confidence interval were used for the analysis.KEY FINDINGS: Of 396 respondents, 324 (81.8%) visited MROs to purchase prescription medicines. A majority (338/396; 85.4%) of them perceived that pharmacists and druggists (pharmacy professionals) play a major role in healthcare delivery. A third (140/396; 35.4%) of the respondents agreed with the statement that pharmacy professionals are more concerned about patient care than about their business. Regarding reasons for visiting, being married was positively associated with buying over-the-counter, higher educational status was linked with more satisfaction. Overall, 56.8% (225/396) of the respondents reported that they were satisfied with the service provided by MROs.CONCLUSION: Customers of MROs had mixed perceptions of and satisfaction with the current service. Marital status and age were associated with the reason for visiting, while the educational level was associated with the level of satisfaction. The overall positive perceptions and satisfaction about MROs should be taken as an opportunity to promote and improve pharmaceutical services rendered in MROs, to ensure that the public is receiving maximum benefit.
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| 9. |
- Hedenrud, Tove, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards sales and use of over-the-counter drugs in Sweden in a reregulated pharmacy market: A population-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0961-7671 .- 2042-7174. ; 27:1, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Royal Pharmaceutical Society. Objectives: To analyse attitudes towards sales and use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in the Swedish adult population. Methods: Data were collected through the web-based Citizen Panel comprising 21 000 Swedes. A stratified sample of 4058 participants was emailed a survey invitation. Questions concerned use of OTC drugs, and attitudes towards sales and use of OTC drugs. Correlations between the attitudinal statements were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Associations between attitudes and participant characteristics were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Key findings: Participation rate was 64%. Altogether 87% reported use of OTC drugs in the last 6 months. Approximately 10% of participants stated that they used OTC drugs at the first sign of illness, and 9% stated that they used more OTC drugs compared with previously, due to increased availability. The statement on use of OTC drugs at first sign of illness correlated with the statement about using more OTC drugs with increased availability. Socio-demographic factors (age, sex and education) and frequent use of OTC drugs were associated with attitudes to sales and use of OTC drugs. Conclusions: Increased use due to greater availability, in combination with OTC drug use at first sign of illness illustrates the need for continuous education of the population about self-care with OTC drugs. Increased awareness of the incautious views on OTC drugs in part of the population is important. Swedish policy-makers may use such knowledge in their continuous evaluation of the 2009 pharmacy reform to review the impact of sales of OTC drugs in retail outlets on patient safety and public health. Pharmacy and healthcare staff could be more proactive in asking customers and patients about their use of OTC drugs and offering them advice.
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| 10. |
- Karia, Ajay Mahendrarai, et al.
(författare)
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Community pharmacist workflow : Space for Pharmacy-based Interventions and Consultation TimE study protocol
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0961-7671 .- 2042-7174. ; 28:5, s. 441-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Pharmacists' roles are expanding to delivering a wider set of professional services including medication management optimisation, vaccinations and screening services. Robust research determining whether pharmacists have the capacity to offer such services in the Australian community pharmacy setting is lacking. This protocol details a mixed methods study that investigates the variation in pharmacists' daily tasks and the workspace they work in as a measure of their workload capacity for expanding pharmacy services. Methods An observational time and motion study will be conducted in up to twenty community pharmacies in metropolitan and rural regions of Australia. A trained observer will follow a pharmacist and record the type, location and duration of tasks undertaken over the course of their working day. Data will be collected and analysed using the electronic Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) tool. Pharmacists' work patterns will be described as time for each task, and by proportionating multitasking and interruptions. This information will be combined with workspace data collected using floor plans, photographs and a qualitative assessment of the working environment completed by the observer. Analysis will include heat-mapped floor plans visually highlighting pharmacist movements. Discussion Pharmacists may provide solutions to the strained health workforce and system. There is limited quantitative evidence on whether pharmacists have the time or work setting to support such needs. The use of time and motion methodology is novel to Australian community pharmacy research, and the findings will provide a better understanding of pharmacists' capacity and work environment.
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