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- Flodmark, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Laser beam measurement of abdominal sagittal diameter in obese children: a validation study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:2, s. 112-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Sagittal diameter (SAD), i.e. the mid height of the abdomen when lying down, has been reported to correlate to visceral fat, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in adults. SAD seems to be the best anthropometric predictor of cardiovascular risk, and also of more importance than waist circumference (WC) in adults. There has been no validation studies comparing SAD measured with anthropometric tools (e.g. ruler) to measurements made with more exact devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric age. What this study adds This new reliable method is ideal for children due to limited body contact and no radiation. It is accurate, less expensive than MRI, and also easier to perform than measuring WC. It is easily available for screening purposes making future epidemiological studies possible evaluating health risks related to regional distribution of abdominal tissue. OBJECTIVES: Sagittal diameter (SAD) has been reported to correlate to visceral fat and cardiovascular risk factors. SAD is measured with the individual lying down, halfway between the lower rib margin and the iliac crest; it represents the mid-height of the abdomen. The aim of this study was to validate SAD measured using a recently-developed laser beam device (SAD(LDB) ) against SAD measured using MRI (SAD(MRI) ). METHODS: Of 48 obese children (25 boys, 23 girls) aged 9-11 years on the waiting list for obesity treatment, 34 agreed to a baseline measurement, which was followed by repeated measurements 6 and 12 months later in 31 and 22 children respectively. MRI was used to examine SAD(MRI) at 5 cm above (SAD(MRI) (,cra) ) and below (SAD(MRI) (,cau) ) the mid plane of the L4-5 intervertebral disc. RESULTS: Each of the differences SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cau) and SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cra) was subjected to a repeated-measurements ANOVA; the visit did not have a statistically significant effect in either case (p = 0.19 and p = 0.72, respectively). The difference SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cau) was 1.50 on average (p < 0.0001; CI 1.26-1.74) while the corresponding figure for SAD(LBD) - SAD(MRI) (,cra) was 1.26 (p < 0.0001; CI 1.04-1.49). Regression of the difference on the mean gave slopes of -0.09 (p = 0.25) and -0.04 (p = 0.57) respectively. Prediction of SAD(MRI) from SAD(LDB) can be performed in different ways: by means of linear regression or by means of an additive correction. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, this laser device can be used instead of MRI to estimate SAD by using a simple correction.
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| 2. |
- Bammann, K., et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight in Europe : results from the multi-centre IDEFICS study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 8:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Overweight and obesity can be linked to different parental socioeconomic factors already in very young children. In Western developed countries, the association of childhood overweight and obesity and parental socioeconomic status shows a negative gradient. Ambiguous results have been obtained regarding the association between socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight and obesity in different countries and over time. What this study adds European regions show heterogeneous associations between socioeconomic factors and overweight and obesity in a multi-centre study with highly standardized study protoco. The strength of association between SES and overweight and obesity varies across European regions. In our study, the SES gradient is correlated with the regional mean income and the country-specific Human development index indicating a strong influence not only of the family but also of region and country on the overweight and obesity prevalence. Objective To assess the association between different macro- and micro-level socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight. Methods Data from the IDEFICS baseline survey is used to investigate the cross-sectional association between socioeconomic factors, like socioeconomic status (SES), and the prevalence of childhood overweight. Differences and similarities regarding this relationship in eight European regions (located in Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden) are explored. 11?994 children (50.9% boys, 49.1% girls) and their parents were included in the analyses. Results In five of the eight investigated regions (in Belgium, Estonia, Germany, Spain and Sweden), the prevalence of childhood overweight followed an inverse SES gradient. In the other three regions (in Cyprus, Hungary and Italy), no association between SES and childhood overweight was found. The SES-overweight association in a region was best explained by the country-specific human development index and the centre-specific mean income. For the investigated association between other socioeconomic factors and overweight, no clear pattern could be found in the different regions. Conclusion The association between socioeconomic factors and childhood overweight was shown to be heterogeneous across different European regions. Further research on nationwide European data is needed to confirm the results and to identify target groups for prevention.
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| 3. |
- Bel-Serrat, S, et al.
(författare)
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Food consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in European children: the IDEFICS study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:3, s. 225-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Few studies addressing the relationship between food consumption and cardiovascular disease or metabolic risk have been conducted in children. Previous findings have indicated greater metabolic risk in children with high intakes of solid hydrogenated fat and white bread, and low consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products. What this study adds In a large multinational sample of 2 to 9years old children, high consumption of sweetened beverages and low intake of nuts and seeds, sweets, breakfast cereals, jam and honey and chocolate and nut-based spreads were directly associated with increased clustered cardiovascular disease risk. These findings add new evidence to the limited literature available in young populations on the role that diet may play on cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate food consumption in relation to clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS: Children (n=5548, 51.6% boys) from eight European countries participated in the IDEFICS study baseline survey (2007-2008). Z-scores of individual CVD risk factors were summed to compute sex- and age-specific (2-<6years/6-9years) clustered CVD risk scores A (all components, except cardiorespiratory fitness) and B (all components). The association of clustered CVD risk and tertiles of food group consumption was examined. RESULTS: Odds ratio (OR) of having clustered CVD risk A increased in older children with higher consumption of chocolate and nut-based spreads (boys: OR=0.46; 95% CI=0.32-0.69; girls: OR=0.60; 95% CI=0.42-0.86), jam and honey (girls: OR=0.45; 95% CI=0.26-0.78) and sweets (boys: OR=0.69; 95% CI=0.48-0.98). OR of being at risk significantly increased with the highest consumption of soft drinks (younger boys) and manufactured juices (older girls). Concerning CVD risk score B, older boys and girls in the highest tertile of consumption of breakfast cereals were 0.41 (95% CI=0.21-0.79) and 0.45 (95% CI=0.22-0.93) times, respectively, less likely to be at risk than those in tertile 1. CONCLUSIONS: High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low intake of breakfast cereals, jam and honey, sweets and chocolate and nut-based spreads seem to adversely affect clustered CVD risk.
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| 9. |
- Lundgren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Is obesity a risk factor for impaired cognition in young adults with low birth weight?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 9:5, s. 319-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: Obesity is associated with metabolic disease and impaired cognitive function in adults. Low birth weight is known to be associated with adult metabolic disease and low intellectual performance.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Adolescent overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of low intellectual performance. Overweight/obese adolescents, born with a low weight, have a further increased risk of low intellectual performance. A high birth weight increases the risk of adolescent obesity. Overweight/obese adolescents, born with a high weight, do not have a further increased risk of low intellectual performance.BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. There is also an association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ability. Since low birth weight is associated with adult metabolic disease, particularly in obese subjects, the question emerges whether obesity has an additional negative effect on cognitive function in subjects with low birth weight.OBJECTIVES: The aim was to analyse whether overweight or obesity influence intellectual performance in young adults with particular focus on those with a low birth weight.METHODS: Data were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register on 620 834 males born between 1973 and 1988 and matched to results on intellectual performance and BMI at conscription.RESULTS: The risk for low intellectual performance was higher for those with high BMI compared to those with normal. The highest risk was found among subjects with low birth weight and overweight or obesity in young adulthood (odds ratios, 1.98 [1.73-2.22] and 2.59 [2.00-3.34], respectively). However, subjects with further high birth weight and a high BMI at conscription had no further increased risk.CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of subnormal intellectual performance in young adult males. Subjects with low birth weight and adolescent overweight/obesity are at particular risk of subnormal performance. A high birth weight increases the risk for obesity, but a high adult BMI does not further increase the risk for subnormal performance.
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| 10. |
- Mårild, Staffan, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A controlled study of lifestyle treatment in primary care for children with obesity.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric obesity. - : Wiley. - 2047-6310 .- 2047-6302. ; 8:3, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is already known about this subject Lifestyle intervention is the most common treatment strategy for children with obesity. Specialized units for the care of children with obesity report significant effects of lifestyle treatment. In children, the physical activity component in lifestyle treatment is often well accepted. What this study adds Two lifestyle treatment programmes in primary care for children with obesity both gave a reduction of body mass index significantly greater than the change observed in a non-intervention comparison group of children with obesity. Substituting one-third of nurse-led treatment sessions with sessions led by physiotherapists in one of the programmes did not improve the outcome. The efficacy of treatment in primary care seems to be comparable to that reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle treatment in primary care for children with obesity. METHODS: In a multicentre study, sixty-four 9- to 13-year-old children with obesity were randomized to one of two 12-month lifestyle treatment programmes. The only difference between the programmes was that a physiotherapist substituted the nurse in one-third of the sessions in an attempt to stimulate physical activity. For comparison, children with normal weight and overweight, and an age-, sex- and body mass index-matched non-intervention group of children with obesity were used. RESULTS: Anthropometry and laboratory data differed significantly between children with obesity and normal weight at baseline. The follow-up at the end of treatment was attended by 55 children with obesity, 28 and 27 in each treatment arm. The mean (standard deviation) body mass standard deviation score changed by -0.36 (0.3) in the arm involving a physiotherapist and by -0.33 (0.2) in the other arm. These outcomes were not significantly different. Both reductions were significantly greater than the change of -0.14 (0.3) observed in the non-intervention comparison group of children with obesity CONCLUSION: The efficacy of treatment in primary care for children with obesity seems to be comparable to that reported in the literature. ISRCTN44919688.
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