| 1. |
- Helander, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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An instrumented vehicle for studies of driver behavior
- 1976
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 8:4, s. 271-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Describes an instrumented car that enables sensing and real-time recording of a driver's physiological characteristics (GSR, heart rate, and muscle activity), his steering and braking, vehicle response (speed, distance travelled, and triaxial accelerations), and traffic events as coded by an observer in the car. Illustrative data are presented for the average responses of 60 drivers on a test road 6 km long.
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| 2. |
- Padma, Arvind M., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a bioengineered uterus: bioactive sheep uterus scaffolds are effectively recellularized by enzymatic preconditioning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Npj Regenerative Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2057-3995. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterine factor infertility was considered incurable until recently when we reported the first successful live birth after uterus transplantation. However, risky donor surgery and immunosuppressive therapy are factors that may be avoided with bioengineering. For example, transplanted recellularized constructs derived from decellularized tissue restored fertility in rodent models and mandate translational studies. In this study, we decellularized whole sheep uterus with three different protocols using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2% sodium deoxycholate (SDC) or 2% SDC, and 1% Triton X-100. Scaffolds were then assessed for bioactivity using the dorsal root ganglion and chorioallantoic membrane assays, and we found that all the uterus scaffolds exhibited growth factor activity that promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Extensive recellularization optimization was conducted using multipotent sheep fetal stem cells and we report results from the following three in vitro conditions; (a) standard cell culturing conditions, (b) constructs cultured in transwells, and (c) scaffolds preconditioned with matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9. The recellularization efficiency was improved short-term when transwells were used compared with standard culturing conditions. However, the recellularization efficiency in scaffolds preconditioned with matrix metalloproteinases was 200-300% better than the other strategies evaluated herein, independent of decellularization protocol. Hence, a major recellularization hurdle has been overcome with the improved recellularization strategies and in vitro platforms described herein. These results are an important milestone and should facilitate the production of large bioengineered grafts suitable for future in vivo applications in the sheep, which is an essential step before considering these principles in a clinical setting.
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| 3. |
- Themnér, Anders, 1976-
(författare)
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Wealth in Ex-Combatants : Examining the Resilience of Ex-Command Structures in Post-War Liberia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Security Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2057-3170 .- 2057-3189. ; 4:4, s. 526-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has shown that disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs often fail to uproot wartime command structures. A key question is why some ex-commanders succeed in retaining control over their ex-fighters, while others are less successful. This study seeks to address this question by comparing four former midlevel commanders (ex-MiLCs) in Liberia and the ex-combatant networks that they head. Contrary to previous assumptions, which have stressed the tendency of ex-fighters to flock around ex-commanders operating in spaces of marginality, I argue that ex-MiLCs employed as government brokers and who funnel patronage from ruling elites to ex-combatants are likely to possess the most durable networks. These findings highlight how ex-military bonds thrive where previous research expects them to be weakest: close to government elites who are often designated as “agents of change” by international peacemakers.
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| 4. |
- Dobsicek Trefna, Hana, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Fat tissue equivalent phantoms for microwave applications by reinforcing gelatin with nanocellulose
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express. - : IOP Publishing. - 2057-1976. ; 7:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tissue mimicking phantom materials with thermal and dielectric equivalence are vital for the development of microwave diagnostics and treatment. The current phantoms representing fat tissue are challenged by mechanical integrity at relevant temperatures coupled with complex production protocols. We have employed two types of nanocellulose (cellulose nanocrystals and oxidized cellulose nanocrystals) as reinforcement in gelatin stabilized emulsions for mimicking fat tissue. The nanocellulose-gelatin stabilized emulsions were evaluated for their dielectric properties, the moduli-temperature dependence using small deformation rheology, stress-strain behavior using large deformation, and their compliance to quality assurance guidelines for superficial hyperthermia. All emulsions had low permittivity and conductivity within the lower microwave frequency band, accompanied by fat equivalent thermal properties. Small deformation rheology showed reduced temperature dependence of the moduli upon addition of nanocellulose, independent of type. The cellulose nanocrystals gelatin reinforced emulsion complied with the quality assurance guidelines. Hence, we demonstrate that the addition of cellulose nanocrystals to gelatin stabilized emulsions has the potential to be used as fat phantoms for the development of microwave diagnostics and treatment.
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| 5. |
- Forsberg, Erika, Docent, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Examining Gender Inequality and Armed Conflict at the Subnational Level
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Security Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2057-3170 .- 2057-3189. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of quantitative research points to a robust relationship between gender inequality and armed conflict. In order to progress our understanding of this relationship, we make two contributions. First, we identify three potential explanations as to why gender inequality can be associated with conflict—gender inequality norms, societal capacity, and gendered socioeconomic development—and suggest an empirical strategy to gauge the explanatory leverage of each explanation. Second, we offer a more nuanced treatment of the dependent variable at the subnational level, moving beyond a dichotomized view of armed conflict to accounting for both its level and type. We test our hypotheses using district-level data on gender inequality and conflicts in India, covering the 1989–2014 period. Our findings show that the three explanations do not produce the same outcomes in the data. We argue that this speaks to the need to adjudicate between different forms of mechanisms that can connect gender inequality to conflict. Our results show support for women's status being important for understanding a society's capacity to handle conflict nonviolently. On the negative side, gendered socioeconomic developments resulting in a male surplus create conditions conducive for armed conflict, particularly in urban areas. A more surprising finding is that the gender inequality norm, in and of itself, does not appear to have a strong effect on the risk of armed conflict. This does not mean that we can disregard the explanation, but it underlines that there can be inherent problems with this commonly used argument.
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| 6. |
- Holmberg, Mats, Med.Dr. 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Registered nurses’ experiences of assessing patients with mental illness in emergency care : A qualitative descriptive study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of nursing research. - : Sage Publications. - 2057-1585 .- 2057-1593. ; 40:3, s. 151-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with mental illness are exposed and experience themselves as not being taken seriously in emergency care. Registered nurses need to assess patients with mental illness from a holistic perspective comprising both a physical and an existential dimension. The aim of the study was to describe registered nurses’ (RNs) experiences of assessing patients with mental illness in emergency care. Twenty-eight RNs in prehospital and in-hospital emergency care were individually interviewed. The interviews were analysed descriptively. The design followed the COREQ-checklist. One main theme ‘A conditional patient assessment’ and two themes; ‘A challenged professional role’ and ‘A limited openness for the patient’, comprising in turn four sub-themes emerged. Although the RNs showed willingness to understand the mental illness aspects of their patients, they were insufficient in their assessments. This implies the importance of developing emergency care RNs’ competence, knowledge and self-confidence in assessments and care of patients with mental illness.
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| 7. |
- Lui, Hoi-Shun, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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On the matching medium for microwave-based medical diagnosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express. - : IOP Publishing. - 2057-1976. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In microwave-based medical diagnosis, reflections of electromagnetic waves from the air-skin interface can be reduced with a proper choice of matching medium such that electromagnetic radiation can be effectively penetrated into and through human bodies. Due to the heterogeneous and lossy nature of tissue and the fact that the electromagnetic problem varies as a function of matching medium, frequency, incident angles and polarization, it is not trivial to analyze the entire propagation phenomena. In this study, transmission of electromagnetic wave through a multi-layer planar human tissue model with different matching medium is considered. The reflected, absorbed and transmitted power components are computed to quantify the transmission performance of the matching medium. Our results show that although reflection can be minimized through a proper choice of matching medium, it does not necessary result in an optimal transmission as the transmitted signal is severely attenuated inside the tissue. Our results also show that the oblique incidence plane wave components, which in general correspond to the non-zero spatial frequency components of a near field distribution, can better penetrate through the tissue when a low-permittivity matching medium is used. These findings suggest that a better signal integrity can be obtained when a low-permittivity matching medium (ϵr between 5 and 30) is used.
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| 8. |
- Lui, Hoi-Shun, et al.
(författare)
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On the matching medium for microwave stroke diagnosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express. - : IOP Publishing. - 2057-1976. ; 5:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of matching medium can directly affect the amount of power transmitted into and through human bodies, which impacts on the quality of the reconstructed images in microwave-based medical imaging, and thus the diagnosis accuracies. In this paper, the amount of the transmitted and reflected power of multi-layer planar healthy and hemorrhagic stroke brain models under different choices of matching medium are determined. These multi-layer planar brain tissue models are made up of at least 17 tissue layers with realistic dielectric properties. A layer of blood with different thickness is introduced to model the case of hemorrhagic stroke. Our results show that matching medium with low relative permittivity provides better intrinsic contrast between healthy brain and hemorrhagic brain. Analysis on how the reflection coefficient and transmittance vary under different matching medium are included to provide better insights to the findings.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Competency requirements for the assessment of patients with mental illness in somatic emergency care : A modified Delphi study from the nurses’ perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of nursing research. - : Sage Publications. - 2057-1585 .- 2057-1593. ; 40:3, s. 162-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients suffering from mental illness are vulnerable, and they do not always have access to proper emergency care. The aim of this study was to identify competency requirements for the assessment of patients with mental illness by soliciting the views of emergency care nurses. A modified Delphi method comprising four rounds was used. Data were collected in Sweden between October 2018 and March 2019. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. The panel of experts reached the highest level of consensus regarding basic medical knowledge: the capability to listen and show respect to the patient are essential competency requirements when assessing patients with mental illness in emergency care. Awareness of these competency requirements will enhance teaching and training of emergency care nurses.
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| 10. |
- Jidai, Yumi, et al.
(författare)
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In the order of words. Teacher-children negotiation about how to translate song lyrics in bilingual early childhood education
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research on Children and Social Interaction. - : Equinox Publishing. - 2057-5807 .- 2057-5815. ; 1:2, s. 199-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates, from a sociocultural perspective on communication and learning, translating as a joint activity and how it supports the development of metalinguistic awareness in children. Data in the form of audio recordings were generated in an English immersion preschool in Finland. In the analysed activity, the participants are engaged in a discussion around word order when translating the lyrics to a children’s song. The study shows how the teacher scaffolds the children’s language learning through providing contrast and using qualifying markers important to promoting the development of metalinguistic awareness. More generally, the study shows how a translation activity can function as a language-learning practice in bilingual early childhood education.
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