| 1. |
- Baranov, Denis, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent perfect absorbers: Linear control of light with light
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-8437. ; 2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The absorption of electromagnetic energy by a material is a phenomenon that underlies many applications, including molecular sensing, photocurrent generation and photodetection. Typically, the incident energy is delivered to the system through a single channel, for example, by a plane wave incident on one side of an absorber. However, absorption can be made much more efficient by exploiting wave interference. A coherent perfect absorber is a system in which the complete absorption of electromagnetic radiation is achieved by controlling the interference of multiple incident waves. Here, we review recent advances in the design and applications of such devices. We present the theoretical principles underlying the phenomenon of coherent perfect absorption and give an overview of the photonic structures in which it can be realized, including planar and guided-mode structures, graphene-based systems, parity-symmetric and time-symmetric structures, 3D structures and quantum-mechanical systems. We then discuss possible applications of coherent perfect absorption in nanophotonics, and, finally, we survey the perspectives for the future of this field.
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| 2. |
- Chen, C., et al.
(författare)
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Structure-property-function relationships of natural and engineered wood
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Materials. - : Nature Research. - 2058-8437. ; 5:9, s. 642-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The porous hierarchical structure and anisotropy of wood make it a strong candidate for the design of materials with various functions, including load bearing, multiscale mass transport, and optical and thermal management. In this Review, the composition, structure, characterization methods, modification strategies, properties and applications of natural and modified wood are discussed.The complex structure of wood, one of the most abundant biomaterials on Earth, has been optimized over 270 million years of tree evolution. This optimization has led to the highly efficient water and nutrient transport, mechanical stability and durability of wood. The unique material structure and pronounced anisotropy of wood endows it with an array of remarkable properties, yielding opportunities for the design of functional materials. In this Review, we provide a materials and structural perspective on how wood can be redesigned via structural engineering, chemical and/or thermal modification to alter its mechanical, fluidic, ionic, optical and thermal properties. These modifications enable a diverse range of applications, including the development of high-performance structural materials, energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, nanoionics, nanofluidics, and light and thermal management. We also highlight advanced characterization and computational-simulation approaches for understanding the structure-property-function relationships of natural and modified wood, as well as informing bio-inspired synthetic designs. In addition, we provide our perspective on the future directions of wood research and the challenges and opportunities for industrialization.
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| 3. |
- Fahlman, Mats, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Interfaces in organic electronics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Materials. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2058-8437. ; 4:10, s. 627-650
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Undoped, conjugated, organic molecules and polymers possess properties of semiconductors, including the electronic structure and charge transport, which can be readily tuned by chemical design. Moreover, organic semiconductors (OSs) can be n-doped or p-doped to become organic conductors and can exhibit mixed electronic and ionic conductivity. Compared with inorganic semiconductors and metals, organic (semi)conductors possess a unique feature: no insulating oxide forms on their surface when exposed to air. Thus, OSs form clean interfaces with many materials, including metals and other OSs. OS–metal and OS–OS interfaces have been intensely investigated over the past 30 years, from which a consistent theoretical description has emerged. Since the 2000s, increased attention has been paid to interfaces in organic electronics that involve dielectrics, electrolytes, ferroelectrics and even biological organisms. In this Review, we consider the central role of these interfaces in the function of organic electronic devices and discuss how the physico-chemical properties of the interfaces govern the interfacial transport of light, excitons, electrons and ions, as well as the transduction of electrons into the molecular language of cells.
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| 4. |
- Gkoupidenis, P., et al.
(författare)
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Organic mixed conductors for bioinspired electronics
- 2023
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Ingår i: NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2058-8437.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to its close resemblance to biological systems and materials, soft matter has been successfully implemented in numerous bioelectronic and biosensing applications, as well as in bioinspired computing and neuromorphic electronics. Particularly, organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors possess favourable characteristics for their efficient use in organic electrochemical transistors, electrochemical memory and artificial synapses and neurons. Owing to their mixed ionic-electronic conduction, leading to high amplification, these materials are ideal for translating chemical signals, such as ions or neurotransmitters, into electrical signals, as well as for accurately controlling stable conductance states to efficiently emulate synaptic weights in artificial neural networks. Because these mixed conductors operate with ionic charges - similar to signalling in biological neuronal networks - they also exhibit ideal properties to emulate biological spiking neurons. In this Perspective, we consider the potential of soft matter, especially based on organic mixed conductors, for bioinspired systems and their possible applications. We discuss the potential that these materials have in applications in which low power, conformability and tunability are key, such as smart and adaptive biosensors, low-power in-sensor and edge computing, intelligent agents and robotics, and event-driven systems and biohybrid spiking circuits at the interface with biology. We present a comprehensive perspective of the potential of biomimetic and bioinspired electronics based on soft matter to integrate artificial intelligence into everyday life. Current technologies of bioinspired and neuromorphic electronics still lack a universal framework for integration into everyday life. This Perspective highlights how bioinspired electronics with soft electrochemical matter based on organic mixed conductors can potentially enable the integration of diverse forms of intelligence everywhere.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Rivnay, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Organic electrochemical transistors
- 2018
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Ingår i: NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2058-8437. ; 3:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) make effective use of ion injection from an electrolyte to modulate the bulk conductivity of an organic semiconductor channel. The coupling between ionic and electronic charges within the entire volume of the channel endows OECTs with high transconductance compared with that of field-effect transistors, but also limits their response time. The synthetic tunability, facile deposition and biocompatibility of organic materials make OECTs particularly suitable for applications in biological interfacing, printed logic circuitry and neuromorphic devices. In this Review, we discuss the physics and the mechanism of operation of OECTs, focusing on their identifying characteristics. We highlight organic materials that are currently being used in OECTs and survey the history of OECT technology. In addition, form factors, fabrication technologies and applications such as bioelectronics, circuits and memory devices are examined. Finally, we take a critical look at the future of OECT research and development.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Zhao, Yun, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling of sodium-ion batteries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Materials. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-8437. ; 8:9, s. 623-634
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising electrical power sources complementary to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and could be crucial in future electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Spent LIBs and SIBs both face many of the same environmental and economic challenges in their recycling, but SIB recycling has a much higher economic barrier. Although LIB recycling can be profitable by recovering high-valued metals of lithium and cobalt, the lower material valuation of spent SIBs diminishes profitability and may hinder industrial recycling. Pre-emptive strategies to facilitate recycling spent SIBs should be made during the early commercialization stage to ensure that SIBs are designed for ease of recycling, low operation costs and optimum efficiency. This Perspective article summarizes the material components of SIBs, discusses strategies for their recycling and outlines the associated challenges and future outlook of SIB recycling. The insights presented should aid scientists and engineers in creating a circular economy for the SIB industry.
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