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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Role of headmasters, teachers and supervisors in knowledge transfer about occupational health and safety to pupils in vocational education
- 2015
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Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Elsevier BV. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 6:4, s. 317-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Young people are at an increased risk for illness in working life. The authorities stipulate certain goals for training in occupational health and safety (OHS) in vocational schools. A previous study concluded that pupils in vocational education had limited knowledge in the prevention of health risks at work. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to study how OHS training is organized in school and in workplace-based learning (WPL). Method The study design featured a qualitative approach, which included interviews with 12 headmasters, 20 teachers, and 20 supervisors at companies in which the pupils had their WPL. The study was conducted at 10 upper secondary schools, located in Central Sweden, that were graduating pupils in four vocational programs. Result The interviews with headmasters, teachers, and supervisors indicate a staggered picture of how pupils are prepared for safe work. The headmasters generally give teachers the responsibility for how goals should be reached. Teaching is very much based on risk factors that are present in the workshops and on teachers’ own experiences and knowledge. The teaching during WPL also lacks the systematic training in OHS as well as in the traditional classroom environment. Conclusion Teachers and supervisors did not plan the training in OHS in accordance with the provisions of systematic work environment management. Instead, the teachers based the training on their own experiences. Most of the supervisors did not get information from the schools as to what should be included when introducing OHS issues in WPL.
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| 3. |
- Buck, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Risk assessment of physical exposure among healthcare workers when performing patient handling - Translation and cross-cultural validation of the TilThermometer for a Swedish version
- 2022
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Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 13:Suppl., s. S215-S215
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common in the healthcare sector due to physical demanding work tasks. Risk assessment is one cornerstone for preventing of injuries and promoting a safety culture. The TilThermometer has proved to be useful in the Netherlands for assessing healthcare workers’ physical exposure and is part of the CEN ISO TR 12296-2013 Ergonomics – Manual Handling of People in the Healthcare sector. The aim of this study was to translate the risk assessment instrument TilThermometer from Dutch to Swedish, evaluate its linguistic validity and perform a cross-cultural adaptation for a Swedish healthcare context.Material and Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed a structured process containing eight steps: 1) Translation, 2) Synthesis, 3) Back-translation, 4) Synthesis, 5) Linguistic review, 6) Expert panel review according to Delphi-method and 8) Semi-structured interviews, using qualitative content analysis.Results: This process resulted in a Swedish version of the risk assessment instrument TilThermometer and assured linguistic validity and cross-cultural adaptation to a Swedish context. Consensus was reached in the expert review after two Delphi rounds. Interviews emerged into: 1) “User-friendly and understandable instrument”, 2) “Further development”, and 3) “Important part of the systematic work-environment management”.Conclusion: The Swedish TilThermometer is now ready to be tested in the Swedish healthcare sector. Next phase is to continue further testing the psychometrics aspects, inter-rater reliability and feasibility of TilThermometer.
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- Burr, Hermann, et al.
(författare)
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The Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire
- 2019
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Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Elsevier. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 10:4, s. 482-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction A new third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) has been developed in response to trends in working life, theoretical concepts, and international experience. A key component of the COPSOQ III is a defined set of mandatory core items to be included in national short, middle, and long versions of the questionnaire. The aim of the present article is to present and test the reliability of the new international middle version of the COPSOQ III. Methods The questionnaire was tested among 23,361 employees during 2016–2017 in Canada, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Turkey. A total of 26 dimensions (measured through scales or single items) of the middle version and two from the long version were tested. Psychometric properties of the dimensions were assessed regarding reliability (Cronbach α), ceiling and floor effects (fractions with extreme answers), and distinctiveness (correlations with other dimensions). Results Most international middle dimensions had satisfactory reliability in most countries, though some ceiling and floor effects were present. Dimensions with missing values were rare. Most dimensions had low to medium intercorrelations. Conclusions The COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III.
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| 5. |
- Hanvold, Therese N., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Safety and Health at Work. - : Elsevier BV. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 10:1, s. 3-20
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Kåre J., et al.
(författare)
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Using shoulder straps decreases heart rate variability and salivary cortisol concentration in Swedish ambulance personnel
- 2016
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Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 7:1, s. 32-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research has shown that paramedics are exposed to risks in the form of injuries to the musculoskeletal system. In addition, there are studies showing that they are also at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and psychiatric diseases, which can partly be explained by their constant exposure to stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the use of shoulder straps decreases physical effort in the form of decreased heart rate and cortisol concentration.Methods: A stretcher with a dummy was carried by 20 participants for 400 m on two occasions, one with and one without the shoulder straps. Heart rate was monitored continuously and cortisol samples were taken at intervals of 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Each participant was her or his own control.Results: A significant decrease in heart rate and cortisol concentration was seen when shoulder straps were used. The median values for men (with shoulder straps) at 0 minutes was 78 bpm/21.1 nmol/L (heart rate/cortisol concentration), at 15 minutes was 85 bpm/16.9 nmol/L, and at 60 minutes was 76 bpm/15.7 nmol/L; for men without shoulder straps, these values were 78 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, 93 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, and 73 bpm/20.5 nmol/L. For women, the values were 85 bpm/23.3 nmol/L, 92 bpm/20.8 nmol/L, and 70 bpm/18.4 nmol/L and 84 bpm/32.4 nmol/L, 100 bpm/32.5 nmol/L, and 75 bpm/25.2 nmol/L, respectively.Conclusion: The use of shoulder straps decreases measurable physical stress and should therefore be implemented when heavy equipment or a stretcher needs to be carried. An easy way to ensure that staff use these or similar lifting AIDS is to provide them with personalized, well-adapted shoulder straps. Another better option would be to routinely sewn these straps into the staff's personal alarm jackets so they are always in place and ready to be used.
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| 8. |
- Kokoroko, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Workload on Job Stress of Ghanaian OPD Nurses : The Role of Coworker Support
- 2019
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Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Elsevier. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 10:3, s. 341-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAlthough the concept of workload is important to nursing practice, only a few nursing researchers have focused on the issue of workload within the nursing context. Knowledge of how the dynamics of workload affects the job stress of nurses working in a specific unit or department in a hospital setting, and the influence of coworker support on this relationship, still remains limited. This study, therefore examined the effect of workload on job stress of Ghanaian outpatient department nurses and the moderating effect of coworker support on this relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was used, and questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 216 outpatient department nurses from four major hospitals in Ghana. The data collected measured workload, job stress, and coworker support using National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index, job stress scale, and coworker support scale, respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression.ResultsHigh levels of workload were associated with high levels of job stress of the nurses. Also, higher levels of workload were related to higher levels of job stress for nurses who received high levels of coworker support, but this was not the case for those who received low levels of coworker support (reserve buffering effect).ConclusionThe finding reiterates the adverse effect of workloads on employees' health, and the reverse buffering effect implies that supporting a colleague at work should be conveyed in a positive manner devoid of negative appraisal.
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| 9. |
- Ljunggren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Biomonitoring of Metal Exposure During Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)
- 2019
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Ingår i: SH@W Safety and Health at Work. - : Elsevier. - 2093-7911 .- 2093-7997. ; 10:4, s. 518-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding new technology involving challenges to occupational health. Here, metal exposure in an AM facility with large-scale metallic component production was investigated during two consecutive years with preventive actions in between.Methods: Gravimetric analyzes measured airborne particle concentrations, and filters were analyzed for metal content. In addition, concentrations of airborne particles <300 nm were investigated. Particles from recycled powder were characterized. Biomonitoring of urine and dermal contamination among AM operators, office personnel, and welders was performed.Results: Total and inhalable dust levels were almost all below occupational exposure limits, but inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that AM operators had a significant increase in cobalt exposure compared with welders. Airborne particle concentrations (<300 nm) showed transient peaks in the AM facility but were lower than those of the welding facility. Particle characterization of recycled powder showed fragmentation and condensates enriched in volatile metals. Biomonitoring showed a nonsignificant increase in the level of metals in urine in AM operators. Dermal cobalt and a trend for increasing urine metals during Workweek Year 1, but not in Year 2, indicated reduced exposure after preventive actions.Conclusion: Gravimetric analyses showed low total and inhalable dust exposure in AM operators. However, transient emission of smaller particles constitutes exposure risks. Preventive actions implemented by the company reduced the workers' metal exposure despite unchanged emissions of particles, indicating a need for careful design and regulation of the AM environments. It also emphasizes the need for relevant exposure markers and biomonitoring of health risks.
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