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- Aradom Messmer, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Vibration on animal transport vehicles and related animal behaviours with special focus on pigs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of agricultural science and technology. A. - 2161-6256. ; 3, s. 231-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of vibration on postural stability of cattle, behaviours of pigs and vibration transmission from floor 1 to floor 3 and driving performance in terms of vibration level on pigs transport vehicle. Single deck cattle and 3 deck pigs transport vehicles were used for the experiments. Vibration sensors and video camera were mounted in the observation boxes. Observation box of pigs was on the third floor. Continuous recording and measurements were made during the journeys to adequately describe vibration and behaviours. The experimental design consisted of three series having three replications. Swaying and loss of balance constantly increased with transport time for bulls and cows. In proportion to transport retching and vomiting of pigs increased in a linear form with increase of transport time over 85% (P < 0.006) of the pigs preferred to lie in travel direction. Along the vertical and lateral directions vibration transmitted from 1st to 3rd floor was between 108% and 113%, thus amplified. Different drivers but same duration and route could result different levels of vibration in all axes. These behavioural responses indicated that vibration and associated driving performance had a considerable effect on welfare of cattle and pigs. Vibration was amplified from floor 1 to 3 in vertical and lateral directions and pigs on floor 3 were exposed to a higher level of vibration in the two axes. Performance of drivers varied considerably as related to vibration emanated from pigs transport vehicle.
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- Gebresenbet, Girma, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Transport Time and Handling on Physiological Responses of Cattle
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of agricultural science and technology. A. - 2161-6256. ; 2, s. 800-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this work was to determine the effect of transport time (up to 11 hours) on animal welfare. 540 animals(cows, bulls and calves), three transport times of 2, 4 to 6, and 10 to11 hours, and two space allowances (2 m2 and 1.5 m2 per animalfor cows and bulls; and 1.2 m2 and 0.8 m2 per animal for calves) were used for the experiment during transport from farms to theabattoir in Uppsala, Sweden. Measurements were made on five animals on each trip. Stress response parameters considered werecortisol, glucose, lactate, creatine kinase and heart rate. Blood samples were taken before and after transport. Heart rate sensors weremounted on the animals at least 30 minutes before loading and measurements were made continuously from farms to the abattoirsuntil stunning. The results of heart rate measurement indicated that loading, un-loading and forced movement in the stunning boxwere the most stressful events. However, the results of statistical analysis confirmed that transport time doesn't have significanteffect (P ≤ 0.05) on heart rate. Concentration level of cortisol increased by 10 folds during short transport. However, cortisolconcentration decreased with an increase of transport times (P ≤ 0.01). Glucose concentrations increased with transport time in allanimal categories (P ≤ 0.01). Transport time has significant effect on concentration levels of glucose (P ≤ 0.01), creatine kinase (P ≤0.001) and lactate (P ≤ 0.01) particularly after 6 hours journey time.
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- Gebresenbet, Girma, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Loading Facilities and Methods to Minimize Stress on Animals during Transport from Farm to Abattoir
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of agricultural science and technology. A. - 2161-6256. ; 2, s. 784-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport and handlings of slaughter animals are associated with series of stressful activities which compromise thewelfare of animals. The main objective of this study was to improve loading methods and facilities to minimize the prevailingadverse effects on animal welfare during transport. The study was conducted using cattle from animal farms in Uppsala, Sweden.Data were gathered through field measurements. The inclination of loading ramp was measured using inclinometer while floorquality was evaluated using Skid Resistance Tester. The effect of using loading dock was studied. Continuous measurements of heartrate were made on 349 animals using POLAR Vantage equipment, before transport, during transport and unloading. Vocalization,refusal to leave original place, defecation, urination, refusal to move forward towards a gate, slipping, running away and falling werealso observed and recorded as indicators of behavioural alterations during loading activities. The size of observed ramp angles in thefarms ranged from 5° to 29°. The heart rate measurement result indicated that loading, unloading and confinement in the stunningbox were the most stressful activities. During loading, heart rate elevated by about 42.5% when the animals were forced to leave theiroriginal place and turn 180 °C, by about 39% when animals were forced to move to the loading gate and by about 75% when animalswere forced to climb the ramp. The result showed that heart rate increased significantly (P ≤ 0.007) with an increase of ramp angle.During loading, when loading dock was used, ramp angle was about zero degree and the increase in heart rate was marginal (rangingfrom 10% to 23%), while the figure was about 75% without loading dock. About 72% of loose animals and 89% of tied animalsstrongly refused to climb the ramp and enter the vehicle. Regarding floor quality, the rubber mat had the highest friction coefficientof 0.72 ± 0.024 BPN (British Pendulum Number) and concrete slates had the lowest friction coefficient (0.39 ± 0.028 BPN).Incidence of slippery was observed more in tied animals than in loose animals. About 5.7% of observed animals (280 animals) hadelongated and curled hooves.
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- Gustafsson, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Design of Manure Gas Exhaustion to Reduce Ammonia Concentrations in Loose-Housing Systems for Laying Hens
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of agricultural science and technology. A. - 2161-6256. ; 1, s. 525-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uniformity of air flow in extraction openings in exhaust air channels for manure gas exhaustion is determined by the distribution of pressure. The areas required in extraction vents and in extraction ducts are determined by the uniformity of air flow desired along the duct and by the loss of pressure that can be accepted. The area ratio between the vents and the cross section of the exhaust air duct will have a strong influence on both uniformity of flow and loss of pressure. The following ventilation properties were studied: - Uniformity of air flow - Variations in static pressure along a duct - Air velocity at different distances from the vents. The area ratio should be about 1 for uniform exhaustion.The studies showed that the relative variation in air velocity is independent of the level of the ventilation rate. The uniformity of the exhaust distance is influenced in about the same way by the area ratio as the air velocity in the exhaust vents. Thus, is it important that the area ratio is not too high if a good exhaust function should be guaranteed. The studies also demonstrated that the uniformity of the exhaust distance is independent of the ventilation flow rate. The exhaust ventilation range is, maximally 0.3 m from the vents. The static friction coefficient was on average 0.80
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