| 1. |
- Durbeej, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of treatment among offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use : the possible relevance of psychopathic personality traits
- 2014
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Psychiatry. - Irvine : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-7325 .- 2161-7333. ; 4:1, s. 79-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substance abuse is related to reoffending, and substance abuse treatment may be effective in reducing criminal recidivism. Psychopathy, however, another factor that strongly correlates with reoffending, may be negatively associated with treatment utilization. This qualitative study explored perceptions of substance abuse treatment among offenders with mental health problems, problematic substance use, and various degrees of psychopathic personality traits. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) revealed that some treatment perceptions may vary with degree of psychopathic traits. For instance, participants with low and high degrees of psychopathic personality traits had different views on treatment requirements imposed upon them. Many treatment perceptions were also similar between the two participant groups. Thus, treatment perceptions may not be explained by degree of psychopathic personality traits alone, but the presence of some particular psychopathic traits may be relevant in explaining certain treatment perceptions. The results highlight the complex relationship between the individual and the treatment system, and may give input to future studies on rehabilitation of offenders with multiple treatment needs.
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| 2. |
- Ekman, Inger, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Risks of Medicalization of Adolescents Self-Injuring Acts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Psychiatry. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-7325 .- 2161-7333. ; 11:1, s. 29-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although common among community adolescents, self-injuring acts are mainlystudied by psychiatrists and psychologists and rarely by social work researchers.The preponderance of medical research in the field has come to associateself-injuring acts with mental issues. This view has to a large extent beenadopted among professionals as well as among laypeople. When examiningadolescents’ unsolicited internet published narratives, this medicalization ofself-injuring acts was found to have negative consequences for disclosure andhelp-seeking, and hence limit the adolescents’ possibilities to get adequate helpand support. The main objective of this work is to study adolescents’ views onhampering factors for help-seeking for self-injuring acts and the role of medicalisationfor their willingness for disclosure and help-seeking. Disclosure ofself-injuring acts within the social network was described as met with demandsto seek professional mental help. Seeking professional help was accompaniedwith fear of being perceived as crazy or diagnosed as mentally ill. Internet websiteswere described as value free and safe arenas giving opportunity to discloseself-injuring acts without fear of being stigmatized and labelled as mentally ill.An extended involvement of social work researchers and professionals, approachingself-injuring acts not primarily as a sign of mental problems, but asan adolescent way of trying to manage a complicated social context, could enhancefinding adequate support systems. It is also necessary that the medicalprofession contributes to a demedicalization of self-injuring acts.
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| 3. |
- Ghanean, Helia, et al.
(författare)
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Community study on attitudes to and knowledge of mental illness in Tehran
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stigma Research and Action. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2210-5174. ; 5, s. 26-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are a limited number of studies on attitudes towards mental illness and mentally ill from Islamic countries even though Islam is the second largest of the religious beliefs in the world. An interesting element in Islamic teaching is the idea that mental illness as well as other ailments might be an effect of the will of Allah. This could imply that persons suffering from mental disorders might be less stigmatized. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes towards mental illness in the city of Tehran, Iran. Eight hundred subjects, randomly chosen from 4 districts of Tehran, responded to a modified version of a questionnaire developed by the World Psychiatric Association to reduce stigma because of schizophrenia. The self-completed questionnaire was delivered by 4 trained psychologists. The mean age of the sample was 37.5 years and 53.3% being males. A majority agreed that mental illness could be treated outside the hospital (70%) and 74% thought that mentally ill “can work in regular jobs”. Almost half agreed that “mentally ill are a public nuisance” and that “mentally ill people are dangerous”. One quarter agreed that they “would be ashamed if people knew someone in the family who was diagnosed with mental illness”. Generally males seemed to be more accepting than women. Generally the level of negative attitudes in Tehran population is at the same level as in other countries and cultures studied. Cultural beliefs and Islamic influence on attitudes towards mental illness and mentally ill need further studies. The result indicates a need for further actions to reduce the negative attitudes towards mentally ill in Tehran, Iran.
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| 4. |
- Ivarsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Consumer satisfaction, quality of life and distress with regard to social funcion and gender in severe mental illness.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Psychiatry. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2161-7325 .- 2161-7333. ; 1:3, s. 88-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE The relationships between subjective satisfaction, distress and quality of life for severely mental ill patients with different functional levels and gender was investigated in a multi-center cohort, using a balanced mix of subjective and clinician ratings in an outcome-informed model for a clinical management based on shared decision making, "The Quality star". METHODS Naturalistic data for 2552 persons, mainly with schizophrenia diagnoses, in long-term treatment and rehabilitation, were analyzed in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS With increasing Social Function, rated with the split-GAF Disability/Functioning scale, the better were patients' Satisfaction, subjective Quality of life and Perceived Global Distress. Women were more satisfied with the care but also more distressed. CONCLUSION Main findings were in line with other studies. However, the gender differences are in line with some, but not with other, studies. This poses questions how patient factors, instrument constructs, and treatment, especially shared decision making, influence subjective reports.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sunnqvist, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Coping strategies used by suicide attempters and comparison groups
- 2013
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Psychiatry. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-7325 .- 2161-7333. ; 3, s. 256-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A variety of factors have been identified as being risk factors for suicidal behaviour. One of them is the handling of stressful events. The aim of the present study was to investigate the coping-strategies used by suicide attempters and comparison groups. 37 pa- tients who had recently made a suicide attempt, 38 suicide attempters at follow up, 20 psychiatric follow up controls, and 19 healthy controls filled in the COPE. We found that suicide attempters at long term follow up and healthy controls used more adaptive problem solving strategies than patients who had re- cently made a suicide attempt, or psychiatric controls at follow up, who used more maladaptive coping strategies. Our findings suggest that suicide attempt- ers in a twelve year follow up are able to use coping strategies similarly to healthy controls by e.g. ap- proaching the stressor actively. Further examinations of the impact of long term professional care and treatment of suicide attempters on their coping strategies are necessary.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Health care students attitudes towards people with schizophrenia : a survey of eight university training programs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Psychiatry. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-7325 .- 2161-7333. ; 4:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Discrimination and stigmatization of people with mental illness are a global andcomplex phenomenon and there is evidence that negative attitudes and discrimination are alsoprevalent among health care staff and health care students. Methods: Attitudes towards peoplewith schizophrenia among 1101 students in eight different university programs providing trainingfor work in the health care and social sectors were explored, using a cross-sectional design.Results: In five of the eight training programs the majority of the students’ perceived people withschizophrenia as a danger to others. In several aspects police students were found to hold morenegative attitudes than students from other programs. Students with previous experiences ofwork in mental health services and students knowing a person with schizophrenia showed morepositive attitudes. Discussion: In order to decrease negative attitudes and prejudices towardspeople with schizophrenia among students, it is essential that the training includes personal contactwith people with experience of being mental illness.
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| 9. |
- Tillfors, Maria, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibited and impulsive subgroups of socially anxious young adults : Their depressive symptoms and life satisfaction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Psychiatry. - Irvine : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2161-7325 .- 2161-7333. ; 3:1A, s. 195-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Socially anxious people are typically thought of as being behaviorally inhibited; however, an atypical subgroup, which is impulsive rather than inhibited, has recently been identified. Theoretically, inhibition and impulsivity could be viewed as different strategies for coping with anxiety that have the same goal—escape from negative emotions—but they seem to have different implications. Previous studies have found that the socially anxious-impulsive subgroup was higher on risk-prone behavior, as for example drug use, compared with a socially anxious-inhibited subgroup. In this study, we aimed to identify these subgroups in a general population, and asked whether they also experience various levels of depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, as well as moderating effects of gender. Methods: Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups of young adults (20 - 24 years old; N = 772) characterized by different profiles of social anxiety and impulsivity. These subgroups were compared on levels of internal adjustment, and the moderating effects of gender were also tested. Results: We identified five clusters, including an Anxious-Inhibited and an Anxious-Impulsive cluster. In the interaction between gender and cluster membership, gender showed evidence of moderation regarding both depressive symptoms and life satisfaction, with the young women in the Anxious-Inhibited and the Anxious-Impulsive clusters faring worst. Conclusions: We replicated previous findings demonstrating the existence of a socially anxious-impulsive subgroup, thus solidifying current knowledge that may be important when it comes to diagnostics and treatment. This may prove particularly important for young women regarding internalizing symptoms.
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