| 1. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of portion size and timing of meals on weight balance and obesity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Obesity Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2162-4968. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review focuses on the influence of portion size and temporal distribution of food intake on weight balance and obesity in adults. The inconsistency of definitions in the area of meal patterns is also discussed. The conclusion is that regular eating habits might facilitate weight balance, while unplanned snacking as well as consuming the major part of the energy intake at the end of the day seem to be unfavourable. Altogether, the research suggests that large portions promote over-consumption and, therefore, limiting portion size of energy dense foods and drinks with added sugar could be recommended. Even if more research is needed, these factors should be taken into consideration in recommendations for obesity prevention.
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| 2. |
- Chalklin, C. G., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Obesity Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2162-4968. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of Review The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all age groups. Following its success in adults, and with limited success using conservative therapies, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasingly being utilized in adolescents. This review highlights the current evidence and guidelines supporting its use. Recent Findings Safety and efficacy mirror results seen in adults. The most recent evidence, as outcomes enter the long term, suggests that comorbidity resolution, including diabetes and hypertension, can even outperform that of adults. Mental health problems persist despite good weight loss. Overall, the positive early weight and comorbidity outcomes are well sustained into the long term. There is a growing need to prevent and treat adolescent obesity. Current evidence supports the use of MBS in adolescents. Ongoing and future studies will provide 10-year outcomes and assist in the refinement of multimodal pathways incorporating MBS for the treatment of severe childhood obesity.
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| 3. |
- Hemmingsson, Erik
(författare)
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Early Childhood Obesity Risk Factors : Socioeconomic Adversity, Family Dysfunction, Offspring Distress, and Junk Food Self-Medication.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Current Obesity Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2162-4968. ; 7:2, s. 204-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explore the sequence and interaction of infancy and early childhood risk factors, particularly relating to disturbances in the social environment, and how the consequences of such exposures can promote weight gain and obesity.RECENT FINDINGS: This review will argue that socioeconomic adversity is a key upstream catalyst that sets the stage for critical midstream risk factors such as family strain and dysfunction, offspring insecurity, stress, emotional turmoil, low self-esteem, and poor mental health. These midstream risk factors, particularly stress and emotional turmoil, create a more or less perfect foil for calorie-dense junk food self-medication and subtle addiction, to alleviate uncomfortable psychological and emotional states. Disturbances in the social environment during infancy and early childhood appear to play a critical role in weight gain and obesity, through such mechanisms as insecurity, stress, and emotional turmoil, eventually leading to junk food self-medication and subtle addiction.
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| 4. |
- Kapoor, N., et al.
(författare)
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Shifts in Food Preferences After Bariatric Surgery: Observational Reports and Proposed Mechanisms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current Obesity Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2162-4968. ; 6:3, s. 246-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure and results in long-term weight loss. Alterations in food preference and choices may contribute to the long-term benefits of RYGB. This manuscript reviews the available literature documenting changes in food preference in both humans and experimental animals after RYGB and discusses the current theory on the underlying mechanisms involved. Obesity is associated with an increased preference for sweet and high-fat foods, and the most consistent evidence has been the shift away from these calorie-dense foods in both animal and human studies after RYGB. Self-reporting is the most common method used to record food preferences in humans, while more direct approaches have been used in animal work. This methodological heterogeneity may give rise to inconsistent findings. Future studies in humans should focus on direct measures to permit corroboration of mechanistic insights gained from animal studies.
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| 5. |
- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Social Inequalities in Obesity Persist in the Nordic Region Despite Its Relative Affluence and Equity.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current obesity reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2162-4968. ; 3:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social inequalities in overweight and obesity (OWOB) have persisted in the affluent and reputedly egalitarian Nordic countries. In this review we examine associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and OWOB, and secular trends in such associations. Determinants and possible causes of the relations are discussed together with opportunities to cope with OWOB as a public health problem. The findings show a persisting inverse social gradient. An interaction between SEP and gender is noted for adults in Denmark, Finland and Iceland and for children in Sweden. There are overall tendencies for increased inequality, however no consistent trend for an increased social gradient in OWOB. Reasons that increased inequality does not unequivocally mirror in a steepened social gradient in obesity may include methodological questions as well as societal efforts to counteract obesity. Multi-level efforts are needed to prevent OWOB.
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| 6. |
- Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep Duration and Obesity in Adults : What Are the Connections?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Obesity Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2162-4968. ; 5:3, s. 333-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collectively, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on self-reported sleep duration and obesity do not show a clear pattern of association with some showing a negative linear relationship, some showing a U-shaped relationship, and some showing no relationship. Associations between sleep duration and obesity seem stronger in younger adults. Cross-sectional studies using objectively measured sleep duration (actigraphy or polysomnography (PSG)) also show this mixed pattern whereas all longitudinal studies to date using actigraphy or PSG have failed to show a relationship with obesity/weight gain. It is still too early and a too easy solution to suggest that changing the sleep duration will cure the obesity epidemic. Given novel results on emotional stress and poor sleep as mediating factors in the relationship between sleep duration and obesity, detection and management of these should become the target of future clinical efforts as well as future research.
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| 7. |
- Siminos, E., et al.
(författare)
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Generation of intense isolated CEP-tunable sub-cycle pulses in laser-driven wakes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - 2162-2701.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a scheme which leverages laser-driven wakes in plasmas to produce carrier-envelope-phase tunable sub-cycle pulses with central wavelength ranging from the midinfrared to the ultraviolet and up to few tens of mJ energy.
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