| 1. |
- Alymov, Sergei S., et al.
(författare)
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Life histories of the etnos concept in Eurasia : an introduction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ab Imperio. - : REDAKTSIYA ZHURNALA AB IMPERIO. - 2166-4072 .- 2164-9731. ; :1, s. 21-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article is an abridged version of the first chapter in the edited volume A Theory for Empire Written on Its Margins. It presents an account of more than 150 years of what the authors identify as "etnos-thinking" - the attempt to use positivistic and rational scientific methodologies to describe, encapsulate, evaluate, and rank "etnoses" across Eurasia. Its central argument is that the work of professional ethnographers created a powerful language parallel to the political vocabulary of "tribes," "nationalities," and "nations." The essay surveys the definitions of etnos offered by scholars during the twentieth century, and argues that historically etnos-thinking emerged and developed in the multidisciplinary scientific environment of "biosocial" science - an approach to identity heavily influenced by physical anthropology and natural sciences. The biosocial synthesis - and etnos-thinking - was incompatible with Soviet Marxism of the 1930s, but had a piecemeal revival in the 1960s. The article claims that etnos-thinking acquired new dynamism in post-Soviet Russia. Although leading academic anthropologists criticize the concept, it remains high on the agenda for many intellectuals and ethnic activists in the twenty-first century.
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| 2. |
- Arzyutov, Dmitry V.
(författare)
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‘American Dreams’ of Early Soviet Ethnography : Some Reflections on Bogoras’s Legacy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ab Imperio. - : Project Muse. - 2166-4072 .- 2164-9731. ; :1, s. 75-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dmitry Arzyutov discusses a phenomenon that he defines as "American dreams" of Russian ethnography in the early twentieth century based on the example of Waldemar Bogoras, one of the founders of early Soviet ethnography. The essay highlights three specific cases that frame the development of this discipline not through the familiar narrative of gradual isolation but as a story of sometimes problematic contacts and exchanges with American anthropologists. The contacts that were established during the joint Jesup North Pacific Expedition (1897-1902) led by Franz Boas continued into the 1920s. Arzyutov shows that the main concepts of Soviet ethnography, such as "ethnogenesis" and "ethnic history," were products of the debates about the origin of the peoples of Arctica and Siberia between Franz Boas and the Russian expedition participants, Bogoras and, to a lesser degree, Lev Shternberg. The second case addresses Bogoras's unrealized project of establishing nature reserves-cum-reservations for the native peoples of Siberia. These were to combine the prerevolutionary idea of nature reserves (popular among Bogoras's geographer colleagues) with the North American practice of Indian reservations. Finally, the third case compares trajectories of the two students of Bogoras and Boas, Julia Averkieva and Archie Phinney. Their stories show how Marxism might have been differently understood and deployed in the transnational context, and how this difference could have generated intellectual and personal disagreements and conflicting versions of identity politics. The three cases taken together testify to the importance of shifting the optics of the history of anthropology from reconstructing national traditions and local genealogies toward tracing dialogue and mutual borrowings.
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| 7. |
- Gradskova, Yuliya
(författare)
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Свобода как Принуждение? : Совeтское наступление на “закрепощение женщины” и наследие империи (середина 1920 – начало 1930-х гг., Волго Уральский регион)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ab Imperio. - : Project Muse. - 2166-4072 .- 2164-9731. ; :4, s. 113-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article explores the cross-section of gender differences and colonial/imperial differences on the example of the Soviet campaign of emancipation of the minority women in the Volga-Ural region during the 1920s and early 1930s. Drawing from Soviet publications and archival documents on the Commission for the Improvement of Work and Everyday Life of Women, the article shows that in spite of its emancipatory potential, the official campaign censored alternative projects of women's emancipation that had emerged in the region before the Bolshevik revolution. At the same time, the institutionalized campaign for women's equality privileged female activists on ideological rather than ethnic grounds. However, the existing structure of socialization in reality promoted mainly those of Russian and in general, Slavic background, thus reifying the old colonial disposition.
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| 10. |
- Mjør, Kåre Johan, 1973-
(författare)
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A Past of One's Own : The Post-Soviet Historiography of Russian Philosophy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ab Imperio. - Kazan : Redaktsiya Zhurnala Ab Imperio. - 2166-4072 .- 2164-9731. ; 3, s. 315-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes the historiography of Russian philosophy as it appears in post-Soviet Russian university textbooks. How is a national tradition in philosophy – a discipline that otherwise operates with a universal truth-claim not bound by its cultural settings – created and defended in these texts? Particular emphasis is placed on their rejection of the alleged Eurocentrism of Western historiography, their dependence (nevertheless) on Western notions of philosophy, and their idea of Russian philosophy as "native philosophy" (otechestvennaia filosofiia) with an independent "integral history." The article concludes that this material presents us with an example of cultural nationalism in academic writing.
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