| 1. |
- Blanco, Ana Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of flat-top voltage waveform distortion on harmonic current emission and summation of electronic household appliances
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : EA4EPQ-European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality. - 2172-038X. ; 1:16, s. 698-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic household appliances are non-linear loads and emit harmonics into the low voltage networks. Usually, these loads are simply modelled by constant current source models, which only represent the harmonic emission of the appliances for a single supply voltage distortion, mostly sinusoidal conditions. Measurements have shown that the harmonic currents emitted by electronic devices can significantly depend on the circuit topology and the existing supply voltage distortion. This paper studies the impact of supply voltage distortion, which can be typically found in public low voltage networks (so-called flat-top voltage waveform), on the harmonic current emission of individual devices with different circuit topologies as well as the impact of supply voltage distortion on the harmonic summation of these devices.
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| 2. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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CIGRE/CIRED JWG C4.112 – Power Quality Monitoring
- 2014
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X .- 2172-038X.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonic resonances due to transmission-system cables
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; :12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives some examples of harmonicissues that can occur when long ac cables are connected in thetransmission grid. The main impact is that resonances can occurat much lower frequencies than when only overhead lines arepresent. Two illustrative case studies are presented: one for a275-kV cable, one for a 400-kV cable in combination with a 132-kV capacitor bank. A simple rule-of-thumb is given, to decide ifa detailed harmonic study is needed. Some guidelines for such astudy are given as well.
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| 4. |
- Bollen, Math, et al.
(författare)
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Voltage dip immunity of equipment and installations messages to stakeholders
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; 1:10, s. 452-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the messages to the stakeholders on voltage-dip immunity as extracted by UIE WG2 from CIGRE TB412 [1]. The paper summarizes the main recommendations from this technical brochure in the form of messages towards regulators, standard-setting-organizations, network operators, industrial customers, equipment manufacturers, and power quality monitor manufacturers, researchers.
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| 5. |
- Busatto, Tatiano, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging on the Distribution System Network with Distributed Solar Generation
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies, Environment and Power Quality. - 2172-038X. ; 18, s. 103-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric vehicle chargers and solar photovoltaic inverters are two types of household loads that can potentially impact the power quality of the grid. This paper presents a view of the consequences that the connection of these two nonlinear loads into a low-voltage installation can create on voltage harmonic distortion. The analysis considers the combined impact on network impedance and current harmonic distortion. First, the network impedance for phase-to-neutral connections is obtained considering the uncertainty in customer impedance. For this, a Monte Carlo simulation and the concept of transfer impedance are used. Second, based on real measurements, the current harmonic distortion of these two nonlinear loads are used to calculate the resulting voltage distortion at any bus of interest in the network. The analysis is applied to an existing low-voltage network in Sweden. Based on the study case, results show that some harmonics may increase by about 83 % as a function of the penetration of electric vehicles and photovoltaic installations.
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| 6. |
- Busatto, Tatiano, et al.
(författare)
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Supraharmonics Emission Assessment of Multi-level Converters Applied for Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverters
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - Spain : EA4EPQ-European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality. - 2172-038X. ; 1:15, s. 143-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topologies for different DC-AC converters used on grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters are analysed and compared within this paper. The main focus is to evaluate the supraharmonic emission in the frequency range 2 to 150 kHz. For this study three topologies are evaluated: Neutral Point Clamped (NPC), the Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) and the Flying Capacitor (FC). To approximate the operation closer to a real scenario, the converters are analysed under the presence of voltage waveform distortion in the power supply. The simulation is performed using PSpice for the converters and Simulink for the grid. The characterization is made by the quantification of harmonics and supraharmonics, and also by the frequency domain analysis of the output current. Finally, a comparison of the chosen technologies is carried out, given a better understanding on the elements which exert influence on this type of emission.
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| 7. |
- Etherden, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Converter induced resonances in microgrids due to high harmonic distortion
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; :12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the resonance introduced by adverse interaction of electronic converters. With the presence of multiple power-electronic converters, situations can occur where the harmonics are amplified due to the interaction between converters. An observation of undamped oscillation leading to instability in a microgrid is described. The term “converter induced resonances” is proposed to describe this phenomenon. The amount of distributed generation, active loads, FACTS and battery energy storage systems are expected to increase in future Smart Grids. All these resources will be interfaced with electronic converters. The potential impact of converter induced resonances in such grids is described. A coordinated design of the control systems of all converters is in practice not feasible. Each device will be independently tested to fulfil grid codes and have its own converter control implemented that can include functionality to modify voltage and /or current waveform.
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| 8. |
- Gil-de-Castro, Aurora, et al.
(författare)
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Emission on the low voltage grid : measurements in an urban area
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; :12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a set of measurements to study changes in voltage harmonic emission in LV grid due to the introduction of energy-efficient lamps. The paper involves measurements in an urban area performed in the north of Sweden. Measurements of voltage harmonic were performed before and after replacing all existing (mainly incandescent) lamps with LED lamps in all 12 houses belonging to the same urban area. The total power of all lamps was reduced from approximately 2300 W to 450 W, per house. All new lamps were low-power-factor lamps. In this paper it has only been shown the results for two individual houses over the twelve that changed their lamps. Those results are then compared with the standard EN 50160 in order to foresee the voltage impact after changing to LED lamps. © 2014, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ).
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| 9. |
- Reichenberg, Lina, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Large scale integration of wind power – influence of geographical allocation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal. - : AEDERMACP (European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies and Power Quality). - 2172-038X. ; 1:9, s. 1344-1349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the influence of geographical allocation of wind power generation in Northern Europe, assuming large scale integration of wind power. The work applies a linear cost optimization model of the heat and power sector with a 1-hour time resolution. The model minimizes the sum of running costs to meet the heat and power demand and the wind power and transmission investment costs. Wind data are taken from modelled wind speed data from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The Nordic countries and Germany were divided into regions and the 200 sites with the highest yearly output were chosen to represent the region. The model gives the most favourable distribution of wind power between the regions. In addition, the paper provides an assessment of the effect of geographical distribution of wind power with respect to influence on the aggregated wind power production (only considering the wind power generation itself). The modelling results show that the largest investments in wind power are made in the windy region of Southern Norway. However, depending on the cost of transmission allocating wind power near large load centers in Germany may also be favourable. As for the assessment of distribution of wind power, the wind data gives that if the 400 best sites in Europe were used, this would result in a capacity factor of 38.5% and a lowest output of 2.5 % of rated power (applying 2009 wind data).
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| 10. |
- Robert, Borzychowski, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-feasibility study of landfill biogas for electricity in Colombia
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal. - : European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ). - 2172-038X. ; 1:10, s. 1410-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A technical and financial pre-feasibility study of an energy from waste project in Colombia is presented. The current situation in Colombia, the technologies available, and the tools for the simulation are described. A case study based on transforming an existing landfill to allow the collection of the landfill gas to generate electricity for sale to the grid as well as to nearby industry is presented. Two special variations of the case study are also presented to demonstrate the effect of Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) and Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) incentives. Results demonstrate the importance of a sound FIT policy and the potential advantage of gaining CDM credits in the financial viability of the project. The project additionally may contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions.
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