| 1. |
- Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al.
(författare)
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Business model experimentation for sustainability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2016. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9783319320960 ; 52, s. 297-306
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Business experimentation is a key avenue for accelerating change for sustainability. In contrast to experimentation in natural sciences, benefitting from controlled situations, business experimentation aims to explore the diverse possibilities that a business could create value from, or understand what works in which particular situations in a real life business context. While at present most popular with start-ups, this paper argues that large businesses can also find inspiration in business experimentation to develop sustainable business models and accelerate positive change for sustainability. Five illustrative cases are included of business experimentation for sustainability by focusing on pivots (modifications) in the business model. This paper only scratches the surface of the potential impactful new research field of business (model) experimentation for sustainability. Future work on sustainable business experimentation for start-ups and mature businesses is viewed as a powerful future research avenue to accelerate change in industries.
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| 2. |
- Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al.
(författare)
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Circular business model experimentation : Concept and approaches
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing KES-SDM-18. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. - 9783030042899 ; 130, s. 239-250
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to provide conceptual insight on ‘Circular business model experimentation’ by exploring the concept and potential approaches to pursue. The Circular Economy can be a successful driver for change by focusing efforts on economic and environmental issues while also addressing socio-economic challenges such as (un)employment. The business model of firms is viewed as a systematic driver for change in a company, bringing together the various elements of the way of doing business: the value proposition (what value is proposed and to whom); value creation and delivery (how this value is provided) and value capture (how money is made and other forms of value are captured). To develop and validate novel business models, experimentation is needed. While experimentation has been prominent in natural sciences, economics and transitions management literature, it has not yet mainstreamed as a potential business approach, despite the fact that it has been heralded as a key driver for competitiveness and sustainability success. This paper explores the concept of Circular Business Model Experimentation by addressing the following questions: What is Circular Business Model Experimentation? What approaches are available for business? Based on this, suggestions for future research and practice on circular business model experimentation are developed.
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| 3. |
- Bocken, Nancy, et al.
(författare)
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Slowing resource loops in the circular economy : An experimentation approach in fashion retail
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing KES-SDM-18. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9783030042899 ; 130, s. 164-173
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Circular Economy is viewed as an important driver for resolving resource issues and tackling sustainability issues more broadly. The fashion industry operates in a largely linear way and suffers from various environmental, societal and economic challenges. In a Circular Economy, first and foremost, products need to be retained at the highest level, thus slowing resource loops. Slowing resource loops goes against current fast fashion trends and therefore appears the most difficult approach to pursue. This paper investigates how a large established retailer aims to slow resource loops as part of a broader project targeted to significantly reduce textile waste to landfill. The retailer collaborated with a university partner to pursue circular business model experiments. This paper reports on the approach for a slowing resource loops experiment around building sewing capabilities. Suggestions for future research and practice on circular business model experimentation are included.
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| 4. |
- Cao, Danni, et al.
(författare)
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Accessing the Influences of Weather and Environment Factors on Traffic Speed of Freeway
- 2020
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 53-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic speed has been traditionally used as a measure of traffic performance. Predicting the traffic speed is fundamental for efficient traffic management and control strategy. This study explores the influences of freeway attributes, weather, and air condition on traffic speed. A quantitative model is also introduced to predict the traffic speed as per the identified influencing factors. Empirical data of traffic flow and potential influencing factors are collected from multiple sources for analysis and model calibration. The principal component analysis is firstly conducted to select the significant variables influencing the traffic speed. Afterward, a multiple linear regression model is calibrated to quantitatively model the impacts of different factors and investigate their weights. The results show that the attributes of freeway, the humidity of the area, the temperature, the horizontal visibility, the station maker, the air quality, and the PM quality have influences on the traffic speed. Among all of the variables, the weight of the existence of toll station is highest, indicating the largest influence on the traffic speed.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Raul, et al.
(författare)
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Managing Circular Electric Vehicle Battery Lifecycles Using Standards
- 2024
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. ; 377, s. 63-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electric vehicle (EV) market and its implied battery resource management are in large and fast expansion. The European Union is developing directives for digital product passport for batteries, where much understanding and knowledge of battery management are quickly growing. Coordinating standards that can harmonize circular battery management and spread best practices is therefore in high demand. This research presents a review of existing standards that support managing circular EV battery lifecycles. It was performed to understand the maturity of the circular battery lifecycle, regarding battery performance and safety to workers, EV passengers, and the environment. The review structure was made by positioning standards to key steps throughout the circular battery lifecycle, highlighting steps where handling, producing, testing, servicing, and remanufacturing could be expected to support harmonization and guidance. The scope was limited to mainly lithium-ion batteries for vehicle traction but also included general standards concerning recycling, safe battery handling, and environmental management. The resulting mapping summarizes a catalog of existing and upcoming standards. It shows that many important standards are available. Much still needs to be developed, especially with regard to tests for reused batteries’ health and performance and with regard to how to synchronize performance specifications along and across the circular life cycle stages. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to provide such a comprehensive overview of standards that covers the whole circular electric vehicle battery lifecycles.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Jingxu, et al.
(författare)
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A modelling framework of drone deployment for monitoring air pollution from ships
- 2019
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 98, s. 281-288
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulphur oxide (SOx) emissions impose a serious health threat to the residents and a substantial cost to the local environment. In many countries and regions, ocean-going vessels are mandated to use low-sulphur fuel when docking at emission control areas. Recently, drones have been identified as an efficient way to detect non-compliance of ships, as they offer the advantage of covering a wide range of surveillance areas. To date, the managerial perspective of the deployment of a fleet of drones to inspect air pollution from ships has not been addressed yet. In this paper, we propose a modelling framework of drone deployment. It contains three components: drone scheduling at the operational level, drone assignment at the tactical level and drone base station location at the strategic level.
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| 7. |
- Fan, Jieyu, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Impact of Signal Control on Emissions at Intersections
- 2022
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 104-111
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport emission has become an increasingly serious problem, and it is an urgent issue in sustainable transport. In this study, by constructing traffic emission models for different vehicle types and operating conditions, the changes in CO, HC, and NOx emissions of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles before and after signal control optimization were quantified based on VISSIM simulation. The OBEAS-3000 vehicle emission testing device was used to collect data on the micro-operational characteristics of different vehicles under different operating conditions as well as traffic emission data. Based on the data collected, the VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) model combined with the VISSIM traffic simulation platform was used to calculate the emissions of light and heavy vehicles in the mixed traffic flow before and after intersection signal optimization. It is known from the study that signal control optimization has a greater impact on heavy vehicles than on light vehicles. Emissions of CO, HC, and NOx from heavy vehicles and light vehicles are all reduced, but NOx emissions from light vehicles remain largely unchanged. The research results reveal the emission patterns of light and heavy vehicles in different micro-operating conditions and establish a traffic emission model. It provides a theoretical basis for accurate traffic emission analysis and traffic flow optimization, as well as a scientific basis for the formulation of traffic management measures and emission reduction in large city transport systems.
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| 8. |
- Gao, Jianqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Influence of ADAS on Drivers’ Evasive Behaviors During Car-Following on Highways
- 2022
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 22-31
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) are designed to help drivers make reasonable evasive decisions in emergency conditions. However, different drivers have different perceptions of driving risks, resulting in differences in the choice of evasive behaviors (e.g., car-following, overtaking, etc.). To explorer the impact of ADAS on vehicle interaction behaviors under dangerous conditions, this study objectively assessed how ADAS affected drivers’ choice of evasive behaviors in near-crash events (NCEs). An on-road experiment was conducted on public highways in real traffic. The dangerous driving data of NCEs in different working states of ADAS (i.e., activated or not) were collected and combined to classify NCEs’ risk levels: lower, medium, and higher based on the K-means clustering results. Drivers’ evasive behaviors during ADAS engagement (i.e., during the use of the forward collision warning system) were then found closely associated with NCEs’ risk levels. Differences of probabilities for evasive behaviors were further compared within and across the three risk groups. Results showed that ADAS engagement has a positive impact on reducing the occurrence of NCEs and reduces the probability that drivers in medium and high-risk groups choose overtaking behavior. ADAS engagement can help drivers maintain a greater time headway (THW) when taking evasive action. Findings in this study could optimize ADAS intervention strategies and further enhance the ability of safe driving assistance.
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| 9. |
- Gao, Kun, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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How to Model the Influence of In-vehicle Crowding on Travel Behavior: A Comparison Among Moderation, Independent Variable and Interaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 41-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate modeling of travel choice behavior is crucial for effective transport demand forecasting, management and planning. This study tries to shed light on the appropriate modeling approach concerning the influences of in-vehicle crowding on mode choice behavior in the multimodal network. Stated preference surveys covering four commuting transport modes and four influencing factors are conducted to collect empirical behavior data. Three modeling methods, treating the in-vehicle crowding as a moderator of perceived travel time, as an independent variable and by incorporating interaction effect, are empirically compared. The result indicates that there is a bidirectional interaction between travel time and in-vehicle crowding. The influence of in-vehicle crowding increases with increasing travel time and vice versa. Considering crowding as an independent variable and taking the effects of travel time on the perception of in-vehicle crowding are the best ways to depict the overall influences of in-vehicle crowding. The sensitivity analysis shows that increasing the cost of using car is comparatively effective for reducing car usage. Shortening the travel time of public transit and improving service quality such as travel time reliability and in-vehicle crowding are more useful in attracting car users as compared to reduction in the cost of public transit. The results provide insights into travelers’ behavior in the multimodal network and could support scientific transport management and planning.
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| 10. |
- Gao, Kun, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Measurements Towards Effect of Past Behavior on Travel Behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 141-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inertia effect of past behavior has attracted attention in the travel behavioral literature because of its bearing on travel choice modeling. Several measurements have been proposed to model the inertia effects. However, no consensus concerning appropriate modelling methods is reached, which leads to potential biases in analysis. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of modeling measurements regarding inertia effects of past behavior from the perspectives of estimation, behavioral indications and predictions. Differing from existing literature that only focused on estimation performance, we examine the performances of different methods in predictions and behavioral interpretations. To our best knowledge, these aspects are not investigated in the literature based on empirical data. The necessary information for constructing the measurements, underlying consumption, significance in estimation, behaviorally implausible issue, performances in estimation and predictions for these measurements are all compared based on behavioral data. The results shed lights on performances and suitability of different measurements for inertia effects in terms of estimation, behavioral interpretation and prediction, which support the further investigations of past behavior on travelers’ choice behavior.
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