| 1. |
- Bilén, David, et al.
(författare)
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Are women more generous than men? A meta-analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association-Jesa. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 7, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform a meta analysis of gender differences in the standard windfall gains dictator game (DG) by collecting raw data from 53 studies with 117 conditions, giving us 15,016 unique individual observations. We find that women on average give 4 percentage points more than men (Cohen's d = 0.16), and that this difference decreases to 3.1% points (Cohen's d = 0.13) if we exclude studies where dictators can only give all or nothing. The gender difference is larger if the recipient in the DG is a charity, compared to the standard DG with an anonymous individual as the recipient (a 10.9 versus a 2.3% points gender difference). These effect sizes imply that many individual studies on gender differences are underpowered; the median power in our sample of standard DG studies is only 9% to detect the meta-analytic gender difference at the 5% significance level. Moving forward on this topic, sample sizes should thus be substantially larger than what has been the norm in the past.
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| 2. |
- de Quidt, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Bonus versus penalty : How robust are the effects of contract framing?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association (JESA). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 3:2, s. 174-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the relative effectiveness of contracts that are framed either in terms of bonuses or penalties. In one set of treatments, subjects know at the time of effort provision whether they have achieved the bonus/avoided the penalty. In another set of treatments, subjects only learn the success of their performance at the end of the task. We fail to observe a contract framing effect in either condition: effort provision is statistically indistinguishable under bonus and penalty contracts.
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| 3. |
- Di Bartolomeo, G., et al.
(författare)
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Promises and partner-switch
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association-Jesa. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 9, s. 77-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building on a partner-switching mechanism, we experimentally test two theories that posit different reasons why promises breed trust and cooperation. The expectation-based explanation (EBE) operates via belief-dependent guilt aversion, while the commitment-based explanation (CBE) suggests that promises offer commitment power via a (belief-independent) preference to keep one's word. Previous research performed a similar test, which we argue should be interpreted as concerning informal agreements rather than (unilateral) promises.
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| 4. |
- Gärtner, Manja, et al.
(författare)
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Do we all coordinate in the long run?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association (JESA). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 9:1, s. 16-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Players often fail to coordinate on the efficient equilibrium in laboratory weak-link coordination games. In this paper, we investigate whether such coordination failures can be mitigated by increasing the number of rounds or altering per-period stakes. We find that neither time horizon nor stakes affect equilibrium selection. In contrast to previous findings, players are not more likely to play above the previous period’s minimum choice when the horizon is longer or per-period stakes lower. We also investigate which socio-demographic factors and behavioral traits correlate most strongly with play both in the first round and in subsequent rounds. Cognitive ability as measured by a cognitive reflection test stands out as the characteristic that is most strongly associated with efficient coordination.
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| 5. |
- Ham, John C., et al.
(författare)
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Instrumental variables estimation of a simple dynamic model of bidding behavior in private value auctions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association (JESA). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 6:2, s. 139-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide the first, in experimental economics, consistent estimates of a dynamic learning model with a continuous outcome. The econometric approach we propose can be used in many experimental studies including auctions, bargaining with transfers, and gift exchange experiments. We focus on affiliated private value auctions, where subjects are generally assumed to converge to the rule-of-thumb bidding, but our general approach is applicable to many other settings. Our IV estimates suggest that subjects become significantly less aggressive over time; specifically, they decrease their bids in proportion to the previous period's signal minus bid. However, the inconsistent OLS and FE estimators imply that subjects become significantly more aggressive over time-they raise their bids in proportion to the previous period's signal minus bid. Our instruments are randomly generated by the experiment, and pass popular weak instrument tests.
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| 6. |
- Kvarven, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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The intuitive cooperation hypothesis revisited : a meta-analytic examination of effect size and between-study heterogeneity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association (JESA). - : Springer. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 6:1, s. 26-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis that intuition promotes cooperation has attracted considerable attention. Although key results in this literature have failed to replicate in pre-registered studies, recent meta-analyses report an overall effect of intuition on cooperation. We address the question with a meta-analysis of 82 cooperation experiments, spanning four different types of intuition manipulations-time pressure, cognitive load, depletion, and induction-including 29,315 participants in total. We obtain a positive overall effect of intuition on cooperation, though substantially weaker than that reported in prior meta-analyses, and between studies the effect exhibits a high degree of systematic variation. We find that this overall effect depends exclusively on the inclusion of six experiments featuring emotion-induction manipulations, which prompt participants to rely on emotion over reason when making allocation decisions. Upon excluding from the total data set experiments featuring this class of manipulations, between-study variation in the meta-analysis is reduced substantially-and we observed no statistically discernable effect of intuition on cooperation. Overall, we fail to obtain compelling evidence for the intuitive cooperation hypothesis.
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| 7. |
- Maguire, Allegra, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunity cost neglect: a meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association (JESA). - : SPRINGER. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784. ; 9, s. 176-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a seminal paper, Frederick et al. (J Consum Res 36:553-561, 2009) showed that peoples willingness to purchase a consumer good declined dramatically when opportunity costs were made more salient (Cohens d = 0.45-0.85). This finding suggests that people normally do not pay sufficient attention to opportunity costs and as a result make poorer and less efficient decisions, both in private and public domains. To critically assess the strength of opportunity cost neglect, we carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis including published and non-published experimental work. In total, 39 experimental studies were included in the meta-analysis (N = 14,005). The analysis shows a robust significant effect (Cohens d = 0.22; p < 0.001) of opportunity cost neglect across different domains, albeit the effect is considerably smaller than what was originally estimated by Frederick et al. (2009). Our findings highlight the importance of meta-analyses and replications of initial findings.
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| 8. |
- Parslow, Elle, et al.
(författare)
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The digit ratio (2D:4D) and economic preferences: no robust associations in a sample of 330 women
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-6784 .- 2199-6776. ; 5:2, s. 149-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies report on the association between 2D:4D, a putative marker for prenatal testosterone exposure, and economic preferences. However, most of these studies have limited sample sizes and test multiple hypotheses (without preregistration). In this study we mainly replicate the common specifications found in the literature for the association between the 2D:4D ratio and risk taking, the willingness to compete, and dictator game giving separately. In a sample of 330 women we find no robust associations between any of these economic preferences and 2D:4D. We find no evidence of an effect for sixteen of the eighteen total regressions we run. The two regression specifications which are significant have not previously been reported and the associations are not in the expected direction, and therefore they are unlikely to represent a real effect.
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| 9. |
- Yashodha, Yashodha
(författare)
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Trust and kinship: experimental evidence from rural India
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association-Jesa. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-6776 .- 2199-6784.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evidence on the welfare effects of kinship is mixed, suggesting both positive and adverse effects of kinship. This study looks into the differential effects of kinship on trusting and trustworthy behaviour by investigating the subjects' motives and drivers of differential behaviour towards kin and non-kin. We conducted an economic experiment with households of rural India. We found that kin are trusted more than non-kin and that differential trust towards kin and non-kin is mainly driven by higher other-regarding preferences towards kin rather than being due to differences in expected reciprocity between kin and non-kin. We observed a heterogeneous effect of kin on trustworthy behaviour: kin exhibit low trustworthiness when they are not close to other kin, while they exhibit higher trustworthiness when they have close kin in the network.
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| 10. |
- Granulo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation and confusion in public goods games: confusion cannot explain contribution patterns
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Economic Science Association-Jesa. - 2199-6776. ; 9, s. 308-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People behave much more cooperatively than predicted by the self-interest hypothesis in social dilemmas such as public goods games. Some studies have suggested that many decision makers cooperate not because of genuine cooperative preferences but because they are confused about the incentive structure of the game-and therefore might not be aware of the dominant strategy. In this research, we experimentally manipulate whether decision makers receive explicit information about which strategies maximize individual income and group income or not. Our data reveal no statistically significant effects of the treatment variation, neither on elicited contribution preferences nor on unconditional contributions and beliefs in a repeated linear public goods game. We conclude that it is unlikely that confusion about optimal strategies explains the widely observed cooperation patterns in social dilemmas such as public goods games.
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