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| 2. |
- Amroussia, Nada, et al.
(författare)
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Do inequalities add up? : Intersectional inequalities in smoking by sexual orientation and education among U.S. adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Inequalities in smoking by socio-economic status (SES) are well-known. A growing body of literature has demonstrated additional inequalities in smoking by sexual orientation. This study used an intersectional lens to examine smoking at the intersection of sexual orientation and education.Methods: Data come from 28,362 adult participants in Wave 2 (2014–2015) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. We used educational level (less than high school education (HS); HS or more) and sexual orientation (heterosexual; sexual minority) to form four intersectional positions.We estimated prevalence differences in smoking corresponding to joint, referent, and excess intersectional inequalities using weighted linear binomial regression models. Results were stratified by gender and adjusted for ethnicity and age.Results: The adjusted joint inequality represented 7.6% points (p.p.) (95% CI: 2.5, 12.8) difference in smoking between the doubly advantaged (heterosexual with HS or more) and doubly disadvantaged (sexual minority with less than HS) positions. Joint inequality was decomposed into referent SES inequality (12.5 p.p. (95% CI: 10.5, 14.4)); referent sexual orientation inequality (9.7 p.p. (95% CI: 6.8, 12.6)); and a substantial negative excess intersectional inequality (−14.6 p.p. (95% CI: −20.8, −8.3)), attributed to an unexpectedly low prevalence of smoking among doubly disadvantaged persons. Similar overall patterns were found in the stratified analyses.Conclusions: We found that “doubly-disadvantaged” group of low-educated sexual minority adults did not have the greatest burden of smoking; whereas, low-educated heterosexual adults had the highest smoking prevalence. Our findings support tailoring cessation interventions to disadvantaged groups’ different needs.
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| 3. |
- Andersen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Multimorbidity in Finnish and Swedish speaking Finns; association with daily habits and socioeconomic status - Nordic EpiLung cross-sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-3355. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multimorbidity is an emerging public health priority. This study aims to assess the role of lifestyle and socioeconomic status in the prevalence of multimorbidity and chronic diseases by using two language groups that are part of the same genetic subgroup but differ by daily habits. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2016 with randomly selected population sample with 4173 responders (52.3%) aged 20-69 years in Western Finland. We included 3864 Finnish participants with Swedish (28.1%) or Finnish (71.9%) as a native language. We used a questionnaire to assess participants' chronic diseases and lifestyle. We determined multimorbidity as a disease count >= 2. Finnish speakers were more likely to have a diagnosis of COPD, heart failure, diabetes, reflux disease, chronic kidney failure, and painful conditions than Swedish speakers. The prevalence of multimorbidity was higher for Finnish speakers in the age group of 60-69 years (41.0% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.018) than Swedish speakers. A higher proportion of Finnish speakers smoked, were obese, inactive, and had lower socioeconomic status compared to Swedish speakers. All these factors, in addition to age and female sex, were significant risk factors for multimorbidity. Prevalence of multimorbidity was different in two language groups living in the same area and was associated with differences in lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity and obesity.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Elin M, et al.
(författare)
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Reactions for actions? Trust in protective behaviors and safeguarding measures in the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To minimize the spread of Covid-19, changing every-day behavior has been key. Trust in the effectiveness of individual protective measures (response efficacy) and confidence in collective safeguarding measures (strategy efficacy), offers an incitement for acting adequately. Efficacy beliefs of protective measures might be especially relevant to study in the Swedish context, since Sweden, in contrast to countries facing hard lock-downs, launched safeguarding measures based on individual responsibility and voluntary actions. We aimed to assess associations between on the one hand, response efficacy and strategy efficacy, and on the other hand, propensity for behavior change and support of protective measures. Furthermore, to assess associations between the efficacy beliefs and comprehension of and confidence in information about the virus, prosocial beliefs and worry of Covid-19. Reactions were assessed in a Swedish sample close in time to experiences via the SEMA3 app from March 25th to May 17th 2020. Study participants had replied to questions on strategy efficacy (n = 175) or response efficacy (n = 157) and 146 participants had replied to both. High response efficacy was associated with propensity for behavior change, support of protective measures and confidence in Covid-19 information. Low strategy efficacy was associated with lower comprehension of and confidence in information about Covid-19. The results suggest that strengthening efficacy beliefs can be a way to promote protective behaviors. Furthermore, the result underscores the importance of information being easy to understand and trustworthy. Finding ways to increase public understanding of the effectiveness of protective measures, including vaccination, seems crucial in pandemic times.
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| 5. |
- Arkkukangas, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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A feasibility study of a randomised controlled trial comparing fall prevention using exercise with or without the support of motivational interviewing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 2, s. 134-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this investigation was to study the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) based on a multicentre fall prevention intervention including exercise with or without motivational interviewing compared to standard care in community-living people 75. years and older.Method: The feasibility of a three-armed, randomised controlled trial was evaluated according to the following: process, resources, management by questionnaire, and treatment outcomes. The outcome measures were fall frequency, physical performance and falls self-efficacy evaluated after three months. Twelve physiotherapists conducted the measurements and treatments and responded to the questionnaire. The first 45 participants recruited to the ongoing RCT were included: 16 individuals in the Otago Exercise Program group (OEP), 16 individuals in the OEP combined with motivational interviewing group (MI), and 13 individuals in the control group. The study was conducted from November 2012 to December 2013.Results: The feasibility of the study process, resources and management reached the set goals in most aspects; however, the set goal regarding the MI guide and planned exercise for the participating older people was not completely reached. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the outcome measures.Conclusion: This study confirmed the acceptable feasibility for the study protocol in the ongoing RCT.
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| 6. |
- Arkkukangas, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Health promotion and prevention : The impact of specifically adapted judo-inspired training program on risk factors for falls among adults.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-3355. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, falls and fall-related injuries constitute a severe threat to public health at all ages. New approaches are warranted since existing knowledge and actions have failed to reduce the incidence of falls and fall-related injuries, both at work and during leisure time. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to investigate the impact of a 10-week supervised judo-inspired exercise program, Judo4Balance, provided in a workplace setting among men and women targeting: physical functions, activity level, fall-related self-efficacy, and techniques for safe landing when falling. A total of 79 adults from seven different workplaces in Sweden, mean age 45 years (18-68), participated in the program. The study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2019. The 10-week exercise program performed in a workplace setting improved physical and psychological functions, as well as techniques for falling safely, factors of great importance to prevent falls and fall-related injuries among men and women. Therefore, it is suggested that the judo-inspired exercise program may be an effective tool in the quest to promote health and prevention of risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries among those of working age.
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| 7. |
- Bergengren, Lovisa, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness and costs of an implemented primary HPV cervical screening programme in Sweden : A population based cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish guidelines recommend cervical screening with primary HPV for women ≥ 30 years of age. The aim of this study was to compare an implemented HPV cervical screening programme in the Region of Örebro County from September 1, 2016, with the former cytology-based screening programme.The clinical effectiveness by means of number of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer cases detected in histology within 12 months after the screening test, together with cost implications were the main outcomes. Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry between the years 2014-2015 (cytology based screening) and 2017-2018(HPV based screening), including screening information such as invitations and cytology and histology diagnoses.The detection rate of HSIL + among women ≥ 30 years of age was 1.2 times higher with HPV screening, but data revealed an increase in direct colposcopy referral rate by 54% and a higher percentage of irrelevant findings (≤LSIL). Screening based on HPV for women ≥ 30 has increased yearly cost from 1 to 1.3 million EUR, while increasing the number of HSIL + identified. Two thirds of the total costs are from visits for screening samples in the programme.HPV screening detected more cases of HSIL + compared to cytology screening among women ≥ 30 although high colposcopy rate, high rate of clinical irrelevant findings and higher costs were shown in the HPV-based screening programme, which implies that alterations in the screening programme in the future are important to consider.
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| 8. |
- Bondesson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of healthcare and prescription medicines after non-pharmacological interventions for depression - A 3-year register follow-up of an RCT in primary care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common, recurrent disorder. There is a need for readily available treatments with few negative side effects, that demands little resources and that are effective both in the short- and long term. Our aim was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of two different interventions; physical exercise and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (internet-CBT), compared to usual care in patients with mild to moderate depression in a Swedish primary care setting. We performed a register-based 3-year follow-up study of participants in the randomized controlled trial REGASSA (n = 940) using healthcare utilization and dispensed medicines as outcomes. We found no difference between the three groups regarding proportion of participants consulting healthcare due to mental illness or pain during follow-up. Regarding number of consultations, there was no difference between the groups, except for consultations related to pain. For this outcome both treatment arms had significantly fewer consultations compared to usual care, during year 2-3, the risk ratio (RR) for physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.43-0.95) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.41-0.90), respectively. A significantly lower proportion of patients in both treatment arms were dispensed hypnotics and sedatives year 2-3 compared to the usual care arm, RR for both physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53-0.98). No other differences between the groups were found. In conclusion, considering long-term effects, both physical exercise and internet-CBT, being resource-efficient treatments, could be considered as appropriate additions for patients with mild to moderate depression in primary care settings.
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| 9. |
- Brooke, Hannah L, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency and duration of physical activity bouts in school-aged children : A comparison within and between days.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Preventive medicine reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-3355. ; 4, s. 585-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how physical activity (PA) patterns vary within and between days may guide PA promotion in young people. We aimed to 1) describe and compare the frequency (bouts/day) and duration (min/bout) of bouts of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) on weekdays vs. weekends and in-school vs. out-of-school, and 2) assess associations of bout frequency and duration in these time-segments with overall PA. We used cross-sectional accelerometer data from 2737 children (aged 6-19 years) in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006. A bout was defined as MVPA (≥ 2000 counts per minute [cpm]) lasting ≥ 3 min. Adjusted Wald tests were used to assess differences in bout characteristics between time-segments. Linear regression was used to examine the association of time-segment specific bout characteristics with daily minutes of MVPA and PA volume (average cpm). Bout frequency was higher on weekdays than weekends (median [IQR] 4.3 [2.2-7.2] vs. 3.0 [1.0-6.5] bouts/day, p < 0.001); however, bout duration did not differ (4.7 [4.0-5.7] vs. 4.5 [3.7-5.8] min/bout, p = 0.33). More bouts were accumulated out-of-school compared with in-school (2.2 [1.0-4.0] vs. 1.8 [0.8-3.2] bouts/day, p < 0.001), but bout duration was similar (4.7 [3.8-5.8] vs. 4.5 [3.8-5.7] min/bout, p = 0.158). For all time-segments, the frequency and duration of bouts of MVPA were independently and positively associated with overall MVPA and PA volume. In conclusion, the characteristics of children's PA vary within and between days; accounting for this in intervention design may improve future interventions. However, increasing bout frequency or duration in any time-segment may be beneficial for overall PA.
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