| 1. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic : Perceived risks, management strategies and emerging opportunities for small and medium agri-food enterprises in a developing country
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - 2212-4209.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Covid-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to small and medium agri-food enterprises (SMAEs) in developing countries. However, research investigating what risks Covid-19 posed to these firms, how they responded, and what business opportunities emerged to SMAEs from the pandemic remains scanty. Drawing on a sample of 166 specialist SMAEs in Egypt, this study addressed these entwined questions by using multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) and mediation analysis. Our results point out that the Covid-19 pandemic exposed Egyptian SMAEs to complex and multidimensional risks, and caused profound effects on both upstream and downstream stages of their supply chains. In general, Egyptian SMAEs adopted a ‘wait-and-see’ approach to cope with such Covid-19 risks and impacts, which was attributed to their lack of sufficient financial resources to develop risk management strategies and formalize structures to deal with unexpected events. Interestingly, the results showed that several business opportunities emerged from pandemic; but SMAEs' resource disadvantages constrained their capacity to seize and exploit these opportunities. Moreover, we found that mitigation strategies adopted by SMAEs present a mediating factor between perceived Covid-19 risks and perceived business opportunities. Overall, our findings call for a paradigm shift in relation to enterprise risk management in developing countries' SMAEs toward more holistic frameworks to enhance their preparedness to future shocks, make mature operational and strategic management decisions, and exploit strategic opportunities.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Landslide risk management : A brief overview and example from Sweden of current situation and climate change
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 3:March, s. 44-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landslide risk is a function of the probability of the event and its consequences. Previous research has shown that preventive measures to reduce the risk are preferred over reactive measures but, especially in developing countries, rarely undertaken. A contributing factor is the lack of evidence that preventive measures pay. This study includes a brief overview of landslide risk management in general and an investigation of the present risk management situation in Sweden based on interviews in 11 municipalities complemented with interviews in Norway. The result shows that climate change has become part of the general awareness and started to be taken into account in the municipal spatial planning. Landslide susceptibility maps and databases are useful tools in the complex spatial planning. The results indicate that the application of landslide susceptibility and risk maps as previously applied for preventive measures and spatial planning in the landslide prone area Gota alv river valley have been cost effective. Improved documentation and more active communication among different stakeholders would, however, contribute to more effective landslide management.
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| 4. |
- Arroyo, Ivette, et al.
(författare)
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User involvement in housing recovery after typhoon Haiyan from a capability perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines on 8th November 2013 destroying more than 1 million houses and affecting mostly the poor. This paper discusses user involvement in housing recovery from a capability perspective. The paper also analyses possibilities for extension of the housing solutions. Based on the Sphere handbook and the theoretical framework, a Model for user involvement in evolutionary housing recovery has been developed and applied to analyse empirical data from two qualitative case studies in the cities of Tanauan and Ormoc. Prospective users that have attained different opportunities and choices through the projects whilst being actively involved in some stages of the process seem to have enhanced capacities such as self-construction skills, self-esteem, leadership and community organizing. Users were not involved or only consulted during the planning and design stage, which derived in generic housing lacking qualities for extension. The findings from both case studies support the theoretical construct underlying the model. The implications of the model is that it can be applied to design, carry out or assess housing recovery processes in other developing contexts.
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| 5. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing a common holistic description of what is valuable and important to protect: A possible requisite for disaster risk management
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 6, s. 18-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective disaster risk management is a requisite for sustainable development and it is paramount to include a wide range of stakeholders to manage risk in this context. Recent research indicates the significance of making ideas of what is valuable and important to protect explicit in any disaster risk management initiative that involves several stake- holders. The purpose of this article is thus to investigate if it is possible for a wide range of stakeholders to construct a common holistic description of what is valuable and important to protect. Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality in South Africa is used as the context for this study and its findings indicate that such common holistic description is possible there. The findings also indicate that although each stakeholder has intricate knowledge about the context, it is not until they come together and share their individual knowledge as the richer picture emerges. A picture that may not in any way be a perfect full picture, but nonetheless their common picture to build mutual understanding, commitment and effective disaster risk management initiatives on.
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| 6. |
- Becker, Per
(författare)
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Dependence, trust, and influence of external actors on municipal urban flood risk mitigation : The case of Lomma Municipality, Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 31, s. 1004-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floods constitute a major problem that cross geopolitical, administrative, and sectoral boundaries, and must as such be jointly governed by a web of actors. The patterns of social relations among these actors are fundamental for society's capacity to mitigate flood risk. The purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of flood risk governance by investigating the social organization of formal actors that contribute to mitigating urban flood risk in Swedish municipalities. It applies Social Network Analysis to examine what patterns of dependence, trust, and influence of external actors emerge in the accounts of politicians and civil servants in Lomma Municipality, Sweden. The results indicate interesting patterns in type of input, as well as the role of personal relationships and different forms of authority for trust and influence. There is also a horizontal decoupling between municipalities along the river, as well as a vertical decoupling between the municipal and the national level, where withdrawing national authorities leave a void increasingly filled by private companies. These patterns of social relationships between municipal and external actors contributing to mitigate urban flood risk are important for understanding flood risk governance in society.
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| 7. |
- Beerens, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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Scoping the field of disaster exercise evaluation - A literature overview and analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 19, s. 413-446
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaluation of emergency, disaster and crisis management exercises supports both individual and organisational learning, facilitates the development of response capabilities, and helps to determine whether the current level of preparedness is good enough. Nevertheless, despite its importance in the field of disaster risk management, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview of research in the area. The aim of the paper is to provide such an overview. A scoping study identified the key contributions on the topic of disaster exercise evaluation, provides an overview of research in the area, and analyses opportunities for future work. The purpose, function and form of the evaluation provided the framework for the analysis, which was applied to the scoping study results. The results indicate a lack of academic interest. Although exercises take place on a regular basis and are often used for research purposes, their evaluations are seldom the focus of attention per se. Moreover, contributions that do focus on evaluations are spread over several disciplines. Nevertheless, the results indicate that recent contributions are becoming more coherent as they build on each other (or at least refer to each other), even if they are produced within different disciplines. Despite encouraging signs of a more cohesive scientific corpus on the evaluation of disaster exercises, there is still room for improvement. The scientific discourse would benefit from greater clarity regarding: (1) the purpose and context in which a specific evaluation method is designed to be used; (2) what the method needs to do (or produce) in order for it to fulfil the purpose; and (3) how the method achieves its goal and thereby fulfils its purpose. Moreover, in order to help researchers to build on each other's work and suggest improvements to evaluation methods, it is urgent that the supporting evidence (for example, empirical data or logical reasoning) for claims regarding the usefulness of a specific method is clearly presented. This is likely to lead to a more vigorous scientific discourse, which will result in increasingly relevant and robust arguments related to how to approach the problem of evaluating disaster exercises in practice.
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| 8. |
- Borell, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Learning effectiveness of discussion-based crisis management exercises
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 5, s. 28-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crisis management exercises sometimes produce weak or vague learning results with very limited applicability. This paper addresses these problems by developing a theoretical framework on learning from crisis management exercises. The framework focuses on necessary requirements and beneficial factors for the conceptual learning of individuals from discussion-based exercises. The variation theory of learning was identified in the literature. According to this theory, a learner’s capability stems from his or her ability to discern relevant situational aspects and the resulting potential for simultaneous awareness of and acting upon them. The central assumption of the framework is that learners are required to experience variation to achieve conceptual learning. The framework connects learning aspects of scenarios and discussions to the potential for improvement of the individual’s capabilities. Based on the framework we suggest that exercise scenarios should be represented as a set of parameters, and that variation of the parameter set and the parameter values becomes the central theme of the exercise activity. Thinking in terms of parameters emphasises variation and invariance before, during and after an exercise session, thus supporting learning. The proposed framework can be used to understand and manage discussion-based crisis exercises from a conceptual learning perspective.
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| 9. |
- Bray, Ariane C.Y., et al.
(författare)
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Using photovoice for disaster and hazard preparedness : A methodological review
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing effective policy for public hazard risk communication and preparedness education requires the development of qualitative, participatory, and place-based research methodologies. Traditional research approaches alone cannot fully reveal the situated contexts of different communities that inform understandings of and responses to a range of natural hazard risks. In this paper, we present a review of a novel research methodology, Photovoice, and its potential to engage communities as researchers and co-producers of knowledge. Through auto-photography, researcher-participants document issues affecting their lives and through critical reflexive group dialogue they unveil the underlying causes of issues and develop pathways to enact change. This review outlines the method's theoretical origins, practical application, and prior contributions across disciplines and in hazard research. We then present an Aotearoa New Zealand based pilot study that applies the methodology in a natural hazard context. Research participants took photographs to represent how they perceived the risk of earthquakes and how they prepared for such hazards in their local environments. Participants then engaged in critical reflexive dialogue to reveal the meanings embedded within their photographs, the barriers to preparedness, and opportunities to enact change. The paper reflects on the results of the pilot study, providing insights into the use of the Photovoice methodology in future earthquake and wider hazard research. We argue that Photovoice is an effective methodology for research informing public hazard risk communication and preparedness education due to its ability to reveal place-based insights including risk perceptions, barriers to preparedness, and opportunities to build community capacity and resilience.
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| 10. |
- Cedergren, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Building organizational adaptive capacity in the face of crisis : Lessons from a public sector case study
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - 2212-4209. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While organizations providing critical services to society must have the ability to anticipate and prepare for foreseeable threats, they also need to develop a capacity to adapt in the face of unforeseen challenges and crises. While adaptive capacity becomes manifested in a specific situation through the concrete adaptations carried out by an organization, the preconditions to adapt exist already before a crisis occurs. However, previous research indicates significant knowledge gaps regarding how these preconditions are established and maintained within an organization. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of the preconditions necessary to adapt to an unfolding crisis. This is achieved by exploring how adaptations were manifested during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Swedish public sector organization and the factors that contributed to this adaptive capacity. A range of enabling factors for such adaptive capacity are identified, including a high level of trust between roles and organizational levels, a polycentric organizational structure where departments work autonomously while still allowing some degree of central coordination, clear overall objectives, capitalization on previous experience from both minor and major crises, and asset literacy among employees. The paper concludes by discussing some idiosyncrasies of the COVID-19 pandemic that facilitated adaptations. This includes the fact that virtually everyone was both impacted by and actively contributing to responding to the crisis. Finally, the discussion elaborates on the parallels and distinctions when compared to a creeping crisis.
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