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- Poscia, A., et al.
(författare)
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Methodological issues in the observational studies conducted in older population : a narrative review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health. - 2282-2305 .- 2282-0930. ; 14:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Well-conducted observational studies may represent valuable tools for getting insight to disease etiology, detecting the effect of age-related changes, and providing an important perspective on health risk factors and disabilities in an aging population. Nevertheless, this kind of research poses several challenges for researchers. The main aim of this narrative review was to address the potential methodological issues in performing the observational studies in the elderly, the factors that influence their participation, and the possible solutions for overcoming the barriers to research in this population.Methods: Comprehensive search for the papers published in the period from January 1st 1980 until 31st July 2016 in English or Italian was conducted through MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases. Findings from the included papers were finally summarized.Results: In cohort studies, the following barriers were addressed: sample size calculation, ascertainment of the target population, frequency of data collection, exposure determination, multifactorial loss to follow-up (drop-outs), cognitive impairment, definition of confounders, and ethical aspects. Case-control studies were reported to be prone to the issues like ascertainment of cases and controls, willingness to participate, data accuracy, recall bias, issues related to patients' multimorbidity, and cognitive impairment.Conclusions: Important factors to consider in research in elderly people include: precise definition of the study population, well conducted recruitment process, engagement with family and home care staff, cognitive impairment assessment and the consequent relevant ethical and legal issues, relief of participant burden in order to minimize withdrawal, and engagement with the media.
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- Holmgren, Kristina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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The association between self-efficacy and sick-leave among men and women: a cross-sectional study of the general working population in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health. - 2282-0930. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate if low self-efficacy was associated with increased risk for sickness absence, in a general population of employed women and men. The aim was also to analyse differences in self-efficacy concerning age, education, income, and socio-economic position. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data collected in western Sweden, 2008. The study population consisted of 2,900 employed sick-listed individuals (E-SL) and 2,649 random working population individuals (R-WP). Both mailed questionnaire, including the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and register data on age, education, income and socio-economic position were used. A continuous mean score of the total GSE was calculated for each individual. A low GSE-score indicated low general self-efficacy. Results: Lower general self-efficacy had an increased odds ratio (OR) of belonging to a sick-listed general working population among both men (OR=1.60; 95% CI 1.32–1.94) and women (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.08–1.47). The OR remained significant after adjustments for socio-demographic variables. Yet, men in the R-WP and women in both the R-WP and E-SL with lower education, income or socio-economic position had lower general self-efficacy compared with those in each cohort with higher education, income or socio-economic position. Conclusions: Low self-efficacy was associated with increased probability to belong to a sick-listed general working population. Although more research is needed, it seems highly relevant to take both self-efficacy and socio-economic factors into account, in preventive and rehabilitation work targeting persons on sickness absence
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- Mårdby, Ann-Charlotte, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Harmful alcohol habits did not explain the social gradient of sickness absence in Swedish women and men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health. - 2282-0930. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and socioeconomic distribution of harmful alcohol habits in sick-listed women and men, and whether the social gradient in sickness absence could be explained by the socioeconomic distribution of harmful alcohol habits. Methods: this cross-sectional questionnaire study included newly sick-listed individuals (n=2 798, 19-64 years, 66% women) from Sweden. The outcome variable, self-reported harmful alcohol habits, was measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Registered socioeconomic variables (education, income, occupational class) were explanatory variables with age as confounder and selfreported health, symptoms, mental wellbeing, and self-efficacy as mediators. Chi2-tests and logistic regression models were applied. Results: 9% of sick-listed women and 22% of men had harmful alcohol habits. Women with a low annual income (≤149 000 SEK) had higher odds ratios (OR=2.47; 95% CI=1.43-4.27) of harmful alcohol habits than those with ≥300 000 SEK/year. The significance of low income remained when mediators were introduced into the logistic regression model (OR=2.03, 95% CI=1.13-3.65). In the model including age, income was no longer significant. Men with low income were more likely to have harmful alcohol habits than men with high income (OR=2.59; 95% CI=1.45-4.62). When mediators were included low income remained significant (OR=2.88; 95% CI=1.56-5.31). Income was no longer significant when age was introduced. Education and occupational status were not significant. ConclusionS: harmful alcohol habits were common among sick-listed women and men. The socioeconomic differences in harmful alcohol habits did not explain the social gradient in sickness absence.
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- Ranjbar, Vania, et al.
(författare)
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Status inconsistency and return to work among foreign-born and native Swedes : Status inconsistency and return to work
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health. - 2282-0930. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I studien "Status inconsistency and return to work among foreign-born and native Swedes" som nyligen publicerades som en ”short report” byggde man vidare på en studie publicerad tidigare under året. Den gången undersöktes hälsoskillnader mellan födda i och utanför Sverige men också vad eventuella hälsoskillnader skulle kunna bero på. Nu undersöktes skillnader mellan födelseland och återgång i arbete efter sjukskrivning och vad eventuella skillnader skulle kunna bero på. Denna gång i en grupp av sjukskrivna istället för i den allmänna befolkningen. Precis som vid föregående studie var en hypotes att det skulle finnas en skillnad mellan utbildningsnivå och yrkesstatus (t.ex. att man skulle ha en hög utbildning men ett yrke med relativt låg status) och att skillnaden skulle vara mer vanlig bland utlandsfödda. Vidare fanns hypotesen att tiden till återgång i arbete skulle vara längre bland utlandsfödda och att skillnaden delvis skulle kunna bero på en mer förekommande skillnad mellan utbildning och yrkesstatus bland utlandsfödda än bland födda i Sverige. Det man fann var att det var vanligare att det fanns en skillnad mellan utbildningsnivå och yrkesstatus bland utlandsfödda men det fanns inga skillnader i tiden för återgång i arbete från sjukskrivning. Det fanns inte heller något samband mellan tiden till återgång i arbete och skillnader mellan utbildningsnivå och yrkesstatus. Studien baseras på data från Hälsoresursprojektet där ungefär 2500 personer med en sjukskrivning som varade under minst 14 dagar år 2008 och var bosatta i Västra Götalandsregionen ingick. Bakom studien står Vania Ranjbar, Robin Fornazar och Gunnel Hensing.
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