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- Ek, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Decline in executive functions and speed in suspected low-grade gliomas : A 3-year follow-up of a clinical cohort
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2327-9095 .- 2327-9109. ; 25:4, s. 376-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes over time in information processing speed and executive functions (EFs) were studied in patients with suspected low-grade gliomas (LGG) 3 years after diagnosis. Using a person-oriented approach, the study aimed at focusing solely on two cognitive domains known to be significant in the understanding of the impact of white matter diseases. The Barkley’s hybrid model of EFs was used as a theoretical framework for the evaluation of EFs. The majority of the patients showed a decline in at least one of these two cognitive domains indicating that the progress of diffuse brain injury cannot be neglected in understanding neuropsychological changes over time in patients with LGG. In our sample, higher age and radiological signs of radiotherapy-induced brain atrophy were seen in patients with a decline in both domains.
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- Ek, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological longitudinal study of patients with low-grade gliomas : Cognitive impairment
- 2024
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Adult. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2327-9095 .- 2327-9109.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is part of a longitudinal research program, in which patients diagnosed with low-grade gliomas (LGG: n = 13), as well as healthy controls (n = 13), were consecutively recruited and neuropsychologically followed for 7 years. The patients are followed up regardless of variations in treatment. A composite score is used (Global Deficit Score: GDS) included cognitive measures where at least five patients had a negative change: information processing speed, speed of naming, construction ability, verbal fluency, non-verbal thinking, and immediate non-verbal memory. The most important finding in this 7-year follow-up study is that two-thirds of the patients developed cognitive impairment. The remaining third of the patients showed stability in their cognitive ability and were still alive 17 years after diagnosis. Younger patients with tumors in the right frontal or posterior regions showed a more favorable development. Patients with frontal tumors and a declined GDS show also significant changes in executive functions. Given the limited number, no firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the impact of tumor localization. The impact of LGG on cognition and the survival time after diagnosis varies considerably between patients. However, most of the patients (69%) showed cognitive impairment during the seven years we followed them.
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- Fällman, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish normative data and longitudinal effects of aging for older adults : The Boston Naming Test 30-item and a short version of the Token Test
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Adult. - : Routledge; Taylor & Francis. - 2327-9095 .- 2327-9109.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Naming ability and verbal comprehension are cognitive functions that may be affected both by normal aging and by disease. Neuropsychological testing is crucial to evaluate changes in language ability and reliable normative data for all ages are needed. We present clinically useful test norms, together with subsample analysis of longitudinal effects of aging, for two robust and well-known tests that evaluate naming ability and verbal comprehension where the present norms for older adults (aged 85 and older) are sparse or missing. Participants (n = 338) from a Swedish population-based study, the Elderly in Linkoping Screening Assessment, were cognitively evaluated with a cognitive screening battery at the age of 85 years and followed to the age of 93 years. Normative data at age 85 years were calculated from a sample (n = 207) that was determined as cognitively healthy after application of rigorous exclusion criteria. Effects of normal aging were investigated by analyzing follow-up performance at age 90 and 93 years for the subsample of cognitively healthy that completed the entire study. The evaluated tests in this study are Swedish versions of the Boston Naming Test 30-item Odd Version (BNT-30) and a short form of the Token Test, Part V (TokV). Analyzes of effects of aging showed that performance decreased with age for BNT-30, but not for TokV. Higher education was associated with better performance in both tests and men performed better than women on the BNT-30. Results also showed naming ability to be more sensitive to aging than verbal comprehension.
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- León-Domínguez, Umberto, et al.
(författare)
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Safe Driving and Executive Functions in Healthy Middle-Aged Drivers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. Adult. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2327-9095 .- 2327-9109. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of the point system driver’s license in several European countries could offer a valid framework for evaluating driving skills. This is the first study to use this framework to assess the functional integrity of executive functions in middle-aged drivers with full points, partial points or no points on their driver’s license (N = 270). The purpose of this study is to find differences in executive functions that could be determinants in safe driving. Cognitive tests were used to assess attention processes, processing speed, planning, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. Analyses for covariance (ANCOVAS) were used for group comparisons while adjusting for education level. The Bonferroni method was used for correcting for multiple comparisons. Overall, drivers with the full points on their license showed better scores than the other two groups. In particular, significant differences were found in reaction times on Simple and Conditioned Attention tasks (both p-values < 0.001) and in number of type-III errors on the Tower of Hanoi task (p = 0.026). Differences in reaction time on attention tasks could serve as neuropsychological markers for safe driving. Further analysis should be conducted in order to determine the behavioral impact of impaired executive functioning on driving ability.
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