| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the relation between referencing practices and citation impact : A large-scale study based on Web of Science data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 69:5, s. 728-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this large-scale contribution, we deal with the relationship between properties of cited references of Web of Science articles and the field normalized citation rate of these articles. Using nearly 1 million articles, and three classification systems with different levels of granularity, we study the effects of number of cited references, share of references covered by Web of Science, mean age of references and mean citation rate of references on field normalized citation rate. To expose the relationship between the predictor variables and the response variable, we use quantile regression. We found that a higher number of references, a higher share of references to publications within Web of Science and references to more recent publications correlate with citation impact. A correlation was observed even when normalization was done with a finely grained classification system. The predictor variables affected citation impact to a larger extent at higher quantile levels. Regarding the relative importance of the predictor variables, citation impact of the cited references was in general the least important variable. Number of cited references carried most of the importance for both low and medium quantile levels, but this importance was lessened at the highest considered level.
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| 2. |
- Besançon, Lonni, et al.
(författare)
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Sneaked references: Fabricated reference metadata distort citation counts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : WILEY. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report evidence of an undocumented method to manipulate citation counts involving "sneaked" references. Sneaked references are registered as metadata for published scientific articles in which they do not appear. This manipulation exploits trusted relationships between various actors: publishers, the Crossref metadata registration agency, digital libraries, and bibliometric platforms. By collecting metadata from various sources, we show that extra undue references are actually sneaked in at Digital Object Identifier (DOI) registration time, resulting in artificially inflated citation counts. As a case study, focusing on three journals from a given publisher, we identified at least 9% sneaked references (5978/65,836) mainly benefiting two authors. Despite not being present in the published articles, these sneaked references exist in metadata registries and inappropriately propagate to bibliometric dashboards. Furthermore, we discovered "lost" references: the studied bibliometric platform failed to index at least 56% (36,939/65,836) of the references present in the HTML version of the publications. This research led to an investigation by Crossref (confirming our findings) and to subsequent corrective actions. The extent of the distortion-due to sneaked and lost references-in the global literature remains unknown and requires further investigations. Bibliometric platforms producing citation counts should identify, quantify, and correct these flaws to provide accurate data to their patrons and prevent further citation gaming.
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| 3. |
- Bohlin, Ludvig, et al.
(författare)
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Robustness of journal rankings by network flows with different amounts of memory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 67:10, s. 2527-2535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the number of scientific journals has multiplied, journal rankings have become increasingly important for scientific decisions. From submissions and subscriptions to grants and hirings, researchers, policy makers, and funding agencies make important decisions influenced by journal rankings such as the ISI journal impact factor. Typically, the rankings are derived from the citation network between a selection of journals and unavoidably depend on this selection. However, little is known about how robust rankings are to the selection of included journals. We compare the robustness of three journal rankings based on network flows induced on citation networks. They model pathways of researchers navigating the scholarly literature, stepping between journals and remembering their previous steps to different degrees: zero-step memory as impact factor, one-step memory as Eigenfactor, and two-step memory, corresponding to zero-, first-, and second-order Markov models of citation flow between journals. We conclude that higher-order Markov models perform better and are more robust to the selection of journals. Whereas our analysis indicates that higher-order models perform better, the performance gain for higher-order Markov models comes at the cost of requiring more citation data over a longer time period.
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| 4. |
- (Chris) Zhao, Yuxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Factors that affect asker's pay intention in trilateral payment‐based social Q&A platforms : From a benefit and cost perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 71:5, s. 516-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More and more social Q&A platforms are launching a new business model to monetize online knowledge. This monetizing process introduces a more complicated cost and benefit tradeoff to users, especially for askers' concerns. Much of the previous research was conducted in the context of free‐based Q&A platform, which hardly explains the triggers that motivate askers' pay intention. Based on the theories of social exchange and social capital, this study aims to identify and examine the antecedents of askers' pay intention from the perspective of benefit and cost. We empirically test our predictions based on survey data collected from 322 actual askers in a well‐known trilateral payment‐based social Q&A platform in China. The results by partial least squares (PLS) analysis indicate that besides noneconomic benefits including self‐enhancement, social support, and entertainment, financial factors such as cost and benefit have significant influences on the perceived value of using trilateral payment‐based Q&A platforms. More important, we further identify that the effect of financial benefit is moderated by perceived reciprocity belief, and the effect of perceived value is moderated by perceived trust in answerers. Our findings contribute to the previous literature by proposing a theoretical model that explains askers' behavioral intention, and the practical implications for payment‐based Q&A service providers and participants.
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| 5. |
- Cocq, Coppélie, Professor, 1977-
(författare)
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Revisiting the digital humanities through the lens of Indigenous studies—or how to question the cultural blindness of our technologies and practices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 73:2, s. 333-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the benefits of putting Indigenous perspectives and the digital humanities (DH) in conversation with each other in order to elaborate a DH approach that is suitable for Indigenous research and to suggest critical perspectives for a more sustainable DH. For this purpose, the article examines practices of data harvesting, categorizing, and sharing from the perspectives of groups in the margin, more specifically in relation to Sámi research. Previous research has emphasized the role of cultural and social contexts in the design, use, and adaptation of technologies in general, and digital technologies in particular (Douglas, 1987. Inventing American broadcasting; Nissenbaum, 2001. Computer, 34, 118–120; Powell & Aitken, 2011. The American literature scholar in the digital age) and several scholars have argued for how the application of critical studies make a fruitful contribution to the DH (Liu, 2012. Debates in the digital humanities; McPherson, 2012. Debates in the digital humanities). This article suggests an approach that addresses a need to acknowledge the diversity of technoscientific traditions. The perspectives of Indigenous groups bring this matter to a head. In order to make the DH more sustainable and inclusive, the development of the DH should be driven by cultural studies to a greater extent than it has been so far. A sustainable DH also means a better rendering of the plurality of the cultural values, perspectives, and ethics that characterize our fieldwork and research subjects.
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| 6. |
- Colliander, Cristian, 1980-
(författare)
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A novel approach to citation normalization : a similarity-based method for creating reference sets
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 66:3, s. 489-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A similarity-oriented approach for deriving reference values used in citation normalization is explored and contrasted with the dominant approach of utilizing database-defined journal sets as a basis for deriving such values. In the similarity-oriented approach, an assessed article's raw citation count is compared with a reference value that is derived from a reference set, which is constructed in such a way that articles in this set are estimated to address a subject matter similar to that of the assessed article. This estimation is based on second-order similarity and utilizes a combination of 2 feature sets: bibliographic references and technical terminology. The contribution of an article in a given reference set to the reference value is dependent on its degree of similarity to the assessed article. It is shown that reference values calculated by the similarity-oriented approach are considerably better at predicting the assessed articles' citation count compared to the reference values given by the journal-set approach, thus significantly reducing the variability in the observed citation distribution that stems from the variability in the articles' addressed subject matter.
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| 7. |
- Darányi, Sándor, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstrating Conceptual Dynamics in an Evolving Text Collection
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 64:12, s. 2564-2572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on real world user demands, we demonstrate how animated visualisation of evolving text corpora displays the underlying dynamics of semantic content. To interpret the results, one needs a dynamic theory of word meaning. We suggest that conceptual dynamics as the interaction between kinds of intellectual, emotional etc. content, and language, is key for such a theory. We demonstrate our methodology by two-way seriation which is a popular technique to analyse groups of similar instances and their features, as well as the connections between the groups themselves. The two-way seriated data may be visualised as a two-dimensional heat map or as a three-dimensional landscape where colour codes or height correspond to the values in the matrix. In this paper we focus on two-way seriation of sparse data in the Reuters-21568 test collection. To achieve a meaningful visualisation thereof we introduce a compactly supported convolution kernel similar to filter kernels used in image reconstruction and geostatistics. This filter populates the high-dimensional sparse space with values that interpolate nearby elements, and provides insight into the clustering structure. We also extend two-way seriation to deal with online updates of both the row and column spaces, and, combined with the convolution kernel, demonstrate a three-dimensional visualisation of dynamics.
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| 8. |
- Dessne, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Imitating CoPs : Imposing Formality on Informality
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to explore the claim that Communities of Practice (CoPs) can be designed and managed. The concept of CoPs was originally developed as a social learning theory, and CoPs were defined by their in-formal emergent nature. This informal nature has been recognised to be of value to organisations, resulting in a desire to design CoPs. In this paper, the nature of CoPs is addressed by focusing on aspects of formality and informality in relationships and learning. CoPs are therefore described as emergent and designed practices. Furthermore, it is questioned whether a designed CoP may realise the essential characteristics attributed to an emergent CoP. It is argued that it is crucial to recognise the informal nature of CoPs in order to either encourage them as informal phenomena, or use the concept of CoPs as inspiration for designing imitations of them. However, when attempting to design them, the original meaning of a CoP is lost, even though, in some cases, the consequences of such a design may be beneficial to organisations. Nevertheless, when not taking the nature of a CoP into account, a designed construct may have a negative impact on learning and knowing.
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| 9. |
- Foster, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Data work in context : value, risks, and governance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 69:12, s. 1414-1427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While always integral to scientific activity, data work has recently emerged as a key set of processes within societal activities of all kinds. While data work presents new opportunities for discovery, value creation, and decision making, its emergence also raises significant ethical issues, including those of ownership, privacy, and trust. This article presents a review of data work, and how negotiating a trade‐off between its value and risks requires locating its processes within the contexts of its conditions and consequences. These include international, national, and sectoral conditions of law, policy, and regulation at a macro level; organizational conditions of information and data governance that aim to address the value and risks of data work at a meso level; along with attention to the everyday contexts of data and information handling by data information and other professionals at a micro level. In conclusion, a conceptual framework is presented that locates the processes of data work within the matrix of its macro meso and micro conditions, its consequences for individuals, organizations, and society, and the relations between them. Suggestions are given for how research into the study of data work—its value risks and governance— can be advanced by using this framework.
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| 10. |
- Golub, Koraljka, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for evaluating automatic indexing or classification in the context of retrieval
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 2330-1635 .- 2330-1643. ; 67:1, s. 3-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and enriching metadata, establishing more connections across and between resources and enhancing consistency. While some software vendors and experimental researchers claim the tools can replace manual subject indexing, hard scientific evidence of their performance in operating information environments is scarce. A major reason for this is that research is usually conducted in laboratory conditions, excluding the complexities of real-life systems and situations. The paper reviews and discusses issues with existing evaluation approaches such as problems of aboutness and relevance assessments, implying the need to use more than a single “gold standard” method when evaluating indexing and retrieval and proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework. The framework is informed by a systematic review of the literature on indexing, classification and approaches: evaluating indexing quality directly through assessment by an evaluator or through comparison with a gold standard; evaluating the quality of computer-assisted indexing directly in the context of an indexing workflow, and evaluating indexing quality indirectly through analyzing retrieval performance.
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