| 1. |
- Ringer, Noam, 1977-
(författare)
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Young people’s perceptions of and coping with their ADHD symptoms : A qualitative study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cogent Social Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1886. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. This study aimed to explore how young people with ADHD perceive and cope with their ADHD symptoms in the context of their everyday life. The research also explores relationships between types of perceptions and types of coping. Method. A qualitative, inductive approach using individual semi-structured interviews to elicit and analyse young people’s perceptions of and coping with their ADHD symptoms. Results. Analysis of interviews with 14 young people has shown a variety of perceptions regarding the mechanism behind the ADHD symptoms. Three types of perceived reasons for the ADHD symptoms were found: because there is something wrong with me, because there is a mismatch between me and the environment, because this is my personality. Variation was also found regarding the perceived threat of the symptoms. The results identified three ways of coping with symptoms: following the symptoms, changing the environment, controlling oneself. A possible relationship between type of perception and type of coping was identified. Conclusion. Young people with ADHD perceive and cope with their symptoms in various ways. Perceptions of and coping with ADHD may relate to each other. This study highlights the importance of identifying young people’s perceptions of their ADHD in order to understand their attempts to cope with it.
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| 2. |
- Almén, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the new brief 6-item version of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2331-1908. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire/Measure (SMBQ/M) is one of the most commonly used measures of burnout. Using confirmatory factor analyses, the present study aimed to evaluate the model fit, composite reliability, and factorial (i.e. convergent and discriminant) validity of the new brief Swedish version of the scale-labeled SMBM-6. In addition, we used Cronbach’s α as an indicator of the internal consistency of the total scale. The SMBM-6 consists of two subscales: the emotional and physiological exhaustion subscale (three items) and the cognitive weariness subscale (three items). A total of 1251 teachers in Sweden were included in the study. The analyses showed that the Swedish version of the SMBM-6 has an excellent model fit and good convergent validity. The discriminant validity for the cognitive weariness subscale was good, but slightly inadequate for the physiological exhaustion subscale. Composite reliability and Cronbach’s α indicated high internal consistency for the subscales and the total scale, respectively. Multi-group invariance tests for age indicated no violation of invariance. These results are consistent with those of the study by Almén and Jansson (2021), in which the SMBM-6 was developed, and a subsequent psychometric study by Sundström et al. (2022). In conclusion, there is strong support for the Swedish version of the SMBM-6 as a reliable and valid scale for measuring burnout. Testing the scale in languages other than Swedish is warranted.
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| 3. |
- Dahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of eyewitness testimony in a police shooting with fatal outcome - Manifestations of spatial and temporal distortions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2331-1908. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eyewitness statements are commonly used in the criminal justice system and viewed as having a high-probative value, especially when the witness has no motive to lie, other witness recollection corroborates the account, orthe witness is highly confident. A fatal police shooting incident in Sweden had 13 witnesses (nine civilians and four police officers) and was also filmed with two mobile phones. All interviews were conducted before witnesses viewed the films, allowing for the analysis of discrepancies between their statements and the videos. In this incident, a police patrol was sent to find out a man who was reported to have attacked two persons with a knife. When found, the perpetrator refused to obey the officer's commands, and the police eventually shot at him. The analysis showed clear differences between the witness testimonies and the film. Elements associated with perceived threat, for example, the assailant's armament and movement direction and number of shots fired, were remembered fairly accurately. However, most witnesses poorly recollected when, that is, after which shot, the assailant fell to the ground. Moreover, memory of the actual order of events was altered and important aspects omitted that were crucial from a legal point of view.
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| 4. |
- Eklund, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the web application My Stress Control—Integrating theories and existing evidence
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Cogent OA. - 2331-1908. ; 5:1, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe the systematic development of an evidence-based, tailored, interactive web application for self-management of work-related stress, and to test usability issues regarding how to proceed through the programme. Methods: Evidence from the fields of stress management, behaviour change and web-based interventions was the foundation for the theoretical framework and content. The next step was the development process of the web application and validation among experts and one possible end user. Last, a usability test with 14 possible end users was conducted. Results: The web-application, My Stress Control (MSC), was built on a solid theoretical framework. It consists of 12 modules including: introduction, psychoeducation, ambivalence, stress management strategies, lifestyle change, and maintenance. Self-monitoring, goal-setting, re-evaluating goals, feedback, and prompting formulation of intention to change are central techniques supporting behaviour change. The usability test revealed difficulties in understanding how to proceed through the programme. Conclusion: The development contributes to filling a gap in the literature regarding development of complex web-based interventions. MSC is dissimilar to existing programs in the field, considering the tailoring and multi-tracked opportunities. Although developed from the evidence in multiple fields, the web application would benefit from further development to support users in reaching the end module.
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| 5. |
- Forsström, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Dropouts’ usage of a responsible gambling tool and subsequent gambling patterns
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1908. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responsible gambling measures are mainly implemented by the gambling industry to reduce excessive gambling and gambling-related harm. These measures include responsible gambling tools that target online gamblers, typically through behavior tracking, feedback, and, in some cases, advice on how to reduce gambling. Playscan is a responsible gambling tool implemented at gambling sites in several countries with many users in Norway and Sweden. Previous studies have indicated that these tools have limited repeated use. Also, the tools have shown to have a low effect on decreasing gambling behavior. Our aim has been to investigate usage and effect of Playscan among Norwegian gamblers (N = 835) that began to use Playscan and then opted out. These gamblers had a high initial use, but extensive lack of repeated use of the functions included in the tool (secondary data was used). The majority of the gamblers used Playscan for a short period of time. The results indicate that the participants did not gamble less after using Playscan (gambling data analyzed using ANOVA). A hypothesis that can be suggested is that short-term use of Playscan do not decrease the level of gambling for this sample. Also, low-risk gamblers seems to have increased their gambling after using Playscan. The results implies that level of use and length of use needs to be taken into account when evaluating the effect of responsible gambling tools. The low level of use in this sample and in other studies implies that strategies to increase is needed.
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| 6. |
- Forsström, David, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility and results of a pilot online survey to examine prevalence of gambling and problem gambling among Swedish substance abuse inpatients in compulsory care
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - 2331-1908. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The comorbidity between problem gambling and substance use/abuse is high in many populations previously studied. However, the occurrence of problem gambling among individuals with substance abuse has not been thoroughly studied, which is especially true for individuals in inpatient or compulsory care. The present early-stage study explored the presence of gambling and problem gambling among inpatients in compulsory care in Sweden who has been court-ordered to treatment for their substance abuse (alcohol and/or drugs). The study furthermore investigates the use of preventive measures and treatment seeking. The most effective strategy to recruit participants (no incentive, incentive and incentive and face-to-face recruitment) was also explored. Twenty-one participants were recruited and seven of them had at-risk or problem gambling and none of them had accessed treatment. The best way of recruiting was to offer a gift certificate and inform about the study face-to-face. The implications are that individuals in compulsory care for substance abuse need to be screened for problem gambling, that recruitment for studies in this population is best carried out by offering incentives and educational efforts and that it might be beneficial for the clients in compulsory care to be offered gambling treatment.
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| 7. |
- Forsström, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility and results of a pilot online survey to examine prevalence of gambling and problem gambling among Swedish substance abuse inpatients in compulsory care
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2331-1908. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The comorbidity between problem gambling and substance use/abuse is high in many populations previously studied. However, the occurrence of problem gambling among individuals with substance abuse has not been thoroughly studied, which is especially true for individuals in inpatient or compulsory care. The present early-stage study explored the presence of gambling and problem gambling among inpatients in compulsory care in Sweden who has been court-ordered to treatment for their substance abuse (alcohol and/or drugs). The study furthermore investigates the use of preventive measures and treatment seeking. The most effective strategy to recruit participants (no incentive, incentive and incentive and face-to-face recruitment) was also explored. Twenty-one participants were recruited and seven of them had at-risk or problem gambling and none of them had accessed treatment. The best way of recruiting was to offer a gift certificate and inform about the study face-to-face. The implications are that individuals in compulsory care for substance abuse need to be screened for problem gambling, that recruitment for studies in this population is best carried out by offering incentives and educational efforts and that it might be beneficial for the clients in compulsory care to be offered gambling treatment.
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| 8. |
- Gerdner, Arne, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of MAP-NET-A network analysis tool
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1908. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MAP-NET (Measure and Analysis of Personal NETwork) is a computerised instrument for assessment of the personal networks of persons with substance use disorders and related problems, with information on individual, relational and structural levels, designed to give immediate feedback to be used in clinical interviews, and to provide relevant measures for research. The study investigates its validity and reliability, by using a combination of validation strategies including factor analysis and internal consistency of scales, convergent and predictive validity, sensitivity to social desirability and agreement with collateral interviews. The scales demonstrate satisfactory construct validity and acceptable to excellent internal consistency and convergent and predictive validity with relevant other scales. There is low sensitivity to social desirability and other bias. There is substantial agreement with collateral interviews on the most sensitive variables. Thus, MAP-NET has the qualities needed for clinical use and research.
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| 9. |
- Hansson, Jonas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Police Service's deportations of unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children : The role of coping and general mental health
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1908. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children (UARC) coming to Sweden has increased 100 times during the last ten years. If children do not voluntarily return, the police are responsible for deportation. This study aims to describe police officers’ coping in the deportation of UARC and to investigate the associations between coping and general mental health in relation to the deportation of UARC among police officers by considering sociodemographic variables. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted for the use of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ) in the context of UARC. Mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). The GHQ-12 was the outcome (dependent variable), and the experience of deportations of UARC, the WOCQ and sociodemographic variables were the independent variables. A 5-factor structure with some important similarities and differences to the original version was confirmed. This study shows that the police officers utilize different coping strategies in the same complex situations during the deportation of UARC. The use of escape-avoidance and self-control increased the likelihood of psychological disturbance, whereas positive reappraisal had a protective effect. This research also demonstrates that coping strategies have a moderating effect on general mental health in police officers’ work with the deportations of UARC.
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| 10. |
- Hasselberg, Aurora, et al.
(författare)
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Cultivating self-kindness and attention to the present moment in the young: A pilot study of a two-week internet-delivered mindfulness and self-compassion program
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cogent Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2331-1908. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a two-week web-based program targeting mindfulness and self-compassion. The program was developed with young adults in mind and involves 15 minutes of training per day, 5 days a week. In an RCT study, 56 participants (18–25 years) were randomly assigned to a training group or a wait-list control group. Thirty-five participants, 15 in the training group and 20 in the control group, completed assessments of self-compassion, mindfulness, and indicators of mental health (stress, emotion regulation, affect balance, time perspective) before and directly after the two-week period. Mixed linear analyses revealed several significant group-by-time interactions, with selective changes in the intervention group. The results revealed a large effect for self-compassion (d = 1.0) and a medium effect for mindfulness (d = 0.52; p =.07 for the interaction). Statistically significant group-by-time interactions and small to medium effects were observed for stress (d = 0.67, reduced scores), affect balance (d = 0.43; increased scores), cognitive appraisal (d = 0.43; increased scores) and a Present Hedonistic time perspective (d = 0.67; increased scores). No significant effects were observed for other time perspective dimensions or for a measure of expressive suppression. In spite of limitations, including a small sample, lack of an active control group and follow-up assessments, the results indicate that the program may have potential as one tool to reduce stress and improve mental health in young individuals. Further evaluations may, therefore, be motivated.
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