| 1. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Safety Leadership in Two Types of Safety-Critical Systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, IEA 2021 - Systems and Macroergonomics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. - 9783030746025 - 9783030746018 ; 219 LNNS, s. 655-663
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In safety-critical systems, such as aviation systems, nuclear power plants and hospitals, system failures can cause loss of life, environmental and property damage. Safety-critical systems consists of loose or tight interactions, they are more or less complex, and these characteristics affect the system’s ability to prevent and overcome emerging system failures. The demand for good safety cultures, and safe and efficient work within these types of systems highlight the crucial role of safety leadership. This paper reports on findings from a small pilot study with the aim of exploring whether safety leadership in practice differs according to the built in properties of complexity and coupling in safety-critical organizations. Based on a literature review on safety leadership, interviews were conducted with one leader at a nuclear power plant, and one at a university hospital. The two systems can be viewed to have separate characters and differences in the way work is performed. Contrasts existed between safety leadership within the nuclear power plant and the hospital setting concerning flexibility in the organizations. The hospital setting were more suitable for adaptability and flexibility in relation to dynamical decision hierarchies. The nuclear power plant setting was viewed as more rigid with tightly coupled interactions, and the leadership and safety culture might be extra crucial within this system. Nevertheless, both interviewees promoted a transformational and inspirational leadership style. However, transactional leadership was preferable in critical situations.
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| 2. |
- Mendoza-Collazos, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Responsibility of Action and Situated Cognition in Artefact—User Relationship
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) : Volume 1: Systems and Macroergonomics - Volume 1: Systems and Macroergonomics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. - 9783030746025 - 9783030746018 ; 219, s. 211-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I discuss the dilution of responsibility of action and the idea of a symmetrical relationship between artefacts and humans. In doing so, I argue that meaning making is an activity unilaterally performed by agents, leading to an asymmetrical relationship between agents and artefacts. Therefore, the study of the one who is responsible for the action, the meaning-maker (with the capability to act) is crucial for a theory of action responsibility. The latter should not be transferred to derived agents, an abstract brand or impersonal technologies. The study of the origin of actions is crucial for a better understanding of situated cognition in relation to responsibility. Therefore, the role of artefacts in human actions has to be reconsidered, since artefacts acquire functions by means of designing and they do not act for themselves. These issues have consequences for our understanding of situated cognition and for the current debate on responsibility of AI technologies, as well as for work analysis and design.
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| 3. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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A Systemic Overview of Factors Affecting the Cognitive Performance of Industrial Manual Assembly Workers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. ; 221 LNNS, s. 371-381
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In paced assembly lines, cognitive processing is required from assembly workers to perform correct and timely assembly of complex products with varying specifications. This interview study involving 75 industrial assemblers, design- and manufacturing engineers explores how assemblers’ cognitive performance is influenced by multiple factors within the contexts of product design, production setup and assembly. Our results indicate that both positive and negative effects on assemblers’ cognitive performance can stem from task design, timing, physical loading demands, extrinsic motivation factors, teamwork and the assembly “interface” design. Among design- and manufacturing engineers, two mindsets emerged: (i) a product-centred mindset relying on assemblers having sufficient experience, knowledge, and assembly instructions, (ii) an assembler-focused mindset characterised by an iterative and collaborative development process to ensure easy-to-assemble solutions, and avoid errors, delays and costly re-work. Despite organizational differences and conditions between the companies that took part in the study, the results are largely consistent.
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| 4. |
- Cobaleda Cordero, Antonio, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Design for UX in Flexible Offices – Bringing Research and Practice Together
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. ; 223 LNNS, s. 3-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing number of organisations are relocating from traditional office environments to flexible office environments (FOEs) such as ‘combi’ or ‘activity-based’ offices. Research efforts are being dedicated to understanding the challenges and benefits that these office designs represent. Yet, there is a gap between design research and practice that limits innovations in FOE design and smears the overall user experience at work. This paper addresses the exploration of design opportunities for artefacts and spaces enabling positive user experience (UX) in FOEs together with experts from a relevant European actor in the office furniture sector. First, an explorative workshop was conducted to understand practitioners’ perspective and priorities when designing for FOEs. Findings from previous research work by the authors plus the workshop results were used to propose and discuss four ‘Design for UX’ areas worthy of further exploration. Among these, the UX of control in FOEs was chosen, and a subsequent workshop was conducted to deepen into the matter. The last session concluded with the formulation of a specific UX proposal to be developed in the near future. The value and originality of this paper reside in two aspects: (i) a UX approach that relies on the ‘innovation of meaning’ and splits from a creative problem-solving mainstream; and (ii) a collaboration between user-centered design research and product development practice that enable the alignment of resources and strategies in the benefit of users and innovation.
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| 5. |
- Da Cruz Brandao, Emilio, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Pedagogy for Co-creation and Community Outreach: An Experience from Architectural Education in Social Inclusion Using the Miro Tool
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. ; 277, s. 118-126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Covid-19 pandemic has hugely affected our lives, including the daily work of university students and teachers, although such difficulties can emerge as drivers for change to discover new pedagogical possibilities. This paper explores this challenge in the context of the Design and Planning for Social Inclusion master’s course within architecture, at Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden). It examines the pedagogical and societal contribution arising from a systematic use of a digital whiteboard as a collaborative tool, following an interlinked process of co-creation in which stakeholders and students interact continuously to co-create architectural and urban design proposals. Results of such an innovative process can be used to revisit the impact of Covid-19 on students’ work and highlight positive and unexpected discoveries, and at the same time integrate feedback from local community and stakeholders, contributing to societal outreach and architectural practice.
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| 6. |
- Edlund, Jens, Docent/Associate Professor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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A Multimodal Digital Humanities Study of Terrorism in Swedish Politics: An Interdisciplinary Mixed Methods Project on the Configuration of Terrorism in Parliamentary Debates, Legislation, and Policy Networks 1968–2018
- 2022
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Ingår i: Intelligent Systems and Applications. Proceedings of the 2021 Intelligent Systems Conference, September 2–3, 2021 / Arai K. (eds). - Cham : Springer. - 2367-3370 .- 2367-3389. - 9783030821951 ; , s. 435-449
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design of one of Sweden’s largest digital humanities projects, SweTerror, that through an interdisciplinary multi-modal methodological approach develops an extensive speech-to-text digital HSS resource. SweTerror makes a major contribution to the study of terrorism in Sweden through a comprehensive mixed methods study of the political discourse on terrorism since the late 1960s. Drawing on artificial intelligence in the form of state-of-the-art language and speech technology, it systematically analyses all forms of relevant parliamentary utterances. It explores and curates an exhaustive but understudied multi-modal collection of primary sources of central relevance to Swedish democracy: the audio recordings of the Swedish Parliament’s debates. The project studies the framing of terrorism both as policy discourse and enacted politics, examining semantic and emotive components of the parliamentary discourse on terrorism as well as major actors and social networks involved. It covers political responses to a range of terrorism-related issues as well as factors influencing policy-makers’ engagement, including political affiliations and gender. SweTerror also develops an online research portal, featuring the complete research material and searchable audio made readily accessible for further exploration. Long-term, the project establishes a model for combining extraction technologies (speech recognition and analysis) for audiovisual parliamentary data with text mining and HSS interpretive methods and the portal is designed to serve as a prototype for other similar projects.
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| 7. |
- Fisk, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A Study of Attitudes and Behaviors in Industries Regarding Implementation of Low-Vibrating Machines and Measures to Reduce Vibration Injuries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) : Volume IV: Healthcare and Healthy Work - Volume IV: Healthcare and Healthy Work. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. - 9783030746117 - 9783030746100 ; 222, s. 63-69
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibration injuries are the most common approved occupational diseaseamong men in Sweden. Vibration injuries often involves chronic nerve and vascular damage, reduced ability to work, and great personal suffering. In a project, newdesign solutions have reduced harmful vibrations for several hand-held machines.The machines were tested in demonstration environments in the construction,stone, and steel industry. Preliminary results on the environments’ readiness forimplementing the machines in their production will be reported in this paper.The objectives were to investigate the awareness about vibrations and the levelof knowledge and acceptance of low-vibrating machines throughout the organizations. 28 interviews were conducted with persons on several organizationallevels in a large steel works, a quarry, two construction companies, a constructionmachine rental company, and a dental engineering laboratory. Interview resultsshowed that there was a great need for low-vibrating machines because it is theonly way to significantly reduce the vibration exposure. The results however alsoshowed a need for an increased awareness about the risks with vibrations andthat the understanding and acceptance for new machines is important. Communication between employees and between employees and management needs tobe strengthened. It is important to implement new low-vibrating machines in theorganizations through well thought through change processes.
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| 8. |
- Hemphälä, Hillevi, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Symptoms and Risk Assessment Using Visual Ergonomics Risk Assessment Method (VERAM)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021) - Volume II : Inclusive Design - Inclusive Design. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. - 9783030746049 ; 220, s. 729-735, s. 729-735
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A visual environment impaired by e.g. glare can cause eyestrain, visual symptoms and musculoskeletal strain. A Visual Ergonomics Risk Assessment Method (VERAM) consisting of both a subjective questionnaire and an objective risk assessment, have been used at 217 workplaces, mainly computer work. VERAM can be used to examine and prevent deficiencies and increase wellbeing as well as detecting risks in the visual work environment and suggest measures that can be used to reduce the risks. The questionnaire showed that eyestrain, visual symptoms and musculoskeletal strain are common among Swedish workers. The overall risk assessments for glare and amount of illuminance on work surface are divided into three categories, green – no risk, yellow – risk, and red – high risk. Risk of glare and insufficient illuminance was present at 66% and 49% of the assessed workplaces, respectively. When the risk of glare and illuminance levels was rated as red, the frequency of the subjective strain was higher.
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| 9. |
- Jurek, Jakub, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the Resolution and SNR of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Images From a Low-Field Scanner
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Latest Developments and Challenges in Biomedical Engineering : Proceedings of the 23rd Polish Conference on Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Lodz, Poland, September 27–29, 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd Polish Conference on Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Lodz, Poland, September 27–29, 2023. - 2367-3389 .- 2367-3370. - 9783031384295 - 9783031384301 ; 746, s. 147-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and acquisition time are interconnected in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Trade-offs are made to keep the SNR at the acceptable level, maximizing the resolution, minimizing the acquisition time and maintaining radiologically useful images. In low-field MRI scanners and especially in diffusion imaging, these trade-offs are even more crucial due to a generally lower image quality. Image post-processing is necessary in such cases to improve image quality. In this work, we alleviate the challenges of low SNR in dMRI at low magnetic fields by performing super-resolution reconstruction (SRR). Our approach combines multiple low-resolution images acquired at different image slice rotations and employs a convolutional neural network to perform the SRR. Training is performed on noisy images. The network learns to extract and compose complementary image details into a super-resolution output image. Because of the properties of noise and the training process, the super-resolution images are less noisy than the directly acquired high-resolution ones, contain more high-resolution details than the input low-resolution images and the total acquisition time is decreased.
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| 10. |
- Karltun, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Activity – The Core of Human-Technology-Organization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021). - Cham : Springer. - 9783030746018 - 9783030746025 ; , s. 704-711
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human work activities are at the core of value adding processes creating system performance. The concept of human, technology and organization (HTO) is used in different cases as it offers a framework for understanding and developing work. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the character of work activities and their significance in using the HTO concept. The aspects elaborated on are: the relation between the objectives of the organization and the activity, the organizational context of the activity, the variability of the individual and the work process, the influence of history, the relation between the individual and the activity and finally how activity can be studied. Looking at three short examples from different industries, it can be concluded that the HTO concept is beneficial to use in order to better understand the studied activities in the examples. However, there must be clearly identifiable tasks to really benefit from the HTO concept.
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