| 1. |
- Aronson, Olov, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking Motivation in the Face of Stigmatization : A Bourdieusian Analysis of Impressions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stigma and Health. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2376-6972 .- 2376-6964. ; 4:1, s. 30-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier research from Western countries has indicated that individuals with low socioeconomic status(SES) initiate tobacco smoking even though smoking is a stigmatized practice. We propose thattheoretical developments of Bourdieu’s theories on capital can reveal a plausible mechanism thatexplains smoking motivation in the face of stigmatization, and we perform a double-blind randomizedcontrolled experiment with the impressions of a smoking adolescent girl to test and elaborate on ourproposition. The empirical data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 622 Swedishadolescents during the fall of 2015. Half the questionnaires included a picture of a smoking girl and halfthe questionnaires included an identical picture without the act of smoking. Binary logistic regressionsindicate that the girl in the picture was perceived as significantly less likable, more popular, less kind,less compassionate, more deceitful, more conceited, and more liable to bully when she smoked a cigarettethan when she did not smoke. The theoretical analysis implies that adolescents with low SES may seekto smoke in the face of stigmatization because of a motivating mechanism that functions in accordancewith Bourdieu’s economic logic of action. The concluding section presents implications for tobaccocontrolpolicies.
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| 2. |
- Jayawickrama, Ravisha S., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing explicit weight bias among Australian health care students : Suitability of the Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP) and the Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFA).
- 2023
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Ingår i: Stigma and Health. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2376-6972 .- 2376-6964.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the suitability of the Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP) and Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFA) among Australian health care students. Specifically, we explored the factor structures of the two scales, their psychometric properties including internal consistency and convergent validity, and whether they were impacted by social desirability bias. Students studying health care courses at Australian universities (N = 900) responded to an online survey and completed the BAOP, AFA, 13-item Short Form Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS), Empathy for Obese Patients, and Confidence in Clinical Interaction With Obese Patients scales. Confirmatory factor analyses, Pearson’s correlations, and linear regressions were conducted to examine the factor structures of the BAOP and AFA, examine their convergent validity, and whether scores on these scales were associated with socially desirable responding. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the originally proposed factor structures of the BAOP (one factor) and AFA (three factors) and supported a relatively good model fit. Support for convergent validity of the two measures was shown when correlated with each other and the Empathy for Obese Patients and Confidence in Clinical Interaction With Obese Patients scales. The BAOP was not associated with socially desirable responding (p > .5). In contrast, all subscales of the AFA were associated with socially desirable responding (p < .5); as AFA scores increased, participants were less likely to respond in a socially desirable manner. The BAOP and AFA are considerably suitable measures to assess explicit weight bias among Australian health care students.Our findings indicate that the Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP) and Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire (AFA) are considerably suitable measures to assess explicit weight bias among Australian health care students. Our findings support the continued assessment of explicit weight bias among health care students in order to quantify this construct within this population. Quantifying the extent to which explicit weight bias is present among health care students may assist in the development of novel weight bias reduction interventions to reduce students’ exhibited weight bias, with the goal of enabling future health care professionals to provide equitable treatment to people living with overweight.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring tolerance towards self-harm: Introducing the Lund Tolerance Towards Self-Harm Scale (LUTOSH).
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stigma and health. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2376-6972 .- 2376-6964. ; 5:3, s. 315-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although self-harm is a common behavior and exists in many contexts, previous research on tolerance and attitudes has focused primarily on health care providers. Less is known about tolerance toward self-harm in the general population. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no scale assessing public tolerance toward self-harm. For this purpose, a brief scale was constructed and tested for its psychometric properties in 2 samples: a general population sample (n = 336) and a sample of staff working in mental health care (n = 582). A 5-item version of this scale was found to have acceptable internal consistency and was labeled the Lund Tolerance Toward Self-Harm Scale (LUTOSH). Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 2-factor structure, with subscales that were named Tolerance and Intolerance. Convergent validity was established by analyzing correlations assessing attitudes toward other aspects of mental health and attitudes toward self-harm among psychiatric nurses. Research exploring the sensitivity to change over time of the measure is needed to further evaluate to usefulness of LUTOSH. In conclusion, results indicate that LUTOSH can be used as a brief instrument to explore public, and possibly provider, tolerance toward self-harm.
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