| 1. |
- Eliasson, Åsa, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Industrial CO2 Capture with Industrial District Heating Networks: A Refinery Case Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Short Papers from the 11th International Trondheim CCS Conference. - 2387-4295. - 9788253617145 ; , s. 197-201
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial carbon capture and storage is recognized as an important technology to reach net zero emissions and mitigate global warming in accordance with the Paris agreement. Absorption-based carbon capture requires considerable amounts of low-grade heat, and a high degree of integration with the plant’s energy system is thus of high importance in order to achieve low operating costs for the capture plant. In this context, it is important to redefine what is commonly referred to as process “excess heat”. This work evaluates the impact of heat integration of a carbon capture plant with an existing refinery and two excess heat-powered district heating networks. The results show that a capture rate of ~60% of direct emissions at the refinery will consume all of the plant’s available residual heat. However, the results also indicate that a significant amount of heat can be recovered from the capture plant and exported for district heating supply purposes. Subsequent to capture plant integration, the potential district heating supply is 87 MW, compared to 100 MW in the reference case.
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| 2. |
- Fahrman, Elin, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating CO2 Absorption to a Batch-wise Production Process – A Case Study on a Smelter Plant in Northern Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Short Papers from the 11th International Trondheim CCS Conference. - 2387-4295. - 9788253617145 ; , s. 120-126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents results from an investigation of integration of carbon capture with a batch-wise operating process conducted through a case study on a large smelter plant located in northern Sweden with annual CO2 emissions of approximately 300 kt/a. Separate capture plants for the two major sources of emissions, Process I and Process II, were conducted using detailed, continuous flue gas property data. These two units together account for about 70% of the site’s total emissions. The plants were designed for a capture rate of 90% during peak CO2 flow. One of the objectives of the study was to investigate opportunities to operate the capture plant using excess heat sources available on site. The plant dynamics were characterized by studying the magnitude, duration, and frequency of the variations of the site steam flows, as well as the production cycle lengths of Process I and Process II. The results indicate that the present site energy system can cover 31 - 40% of the capture plant’s reboiler heat demand for capture from both Process I and Process II. This coverage increases to 54% for a future scenario. Neglecting the dynamics of the existing energy system only leads to a very small difference in heat demand coverage when both Process I and Process II are integrated with the carbon capture plant (31-40% with dynamics, and 31-42% without dynamics). However, when only the emissions from Process I are captured, the potential heat demand coverage for the existing energy system varies considerably (50% heat coverage accounting for dynamics compared to 100% without). Furthermore, for the future energy system scenario, the coverage of both units is 72% when dynamics are neglected compared to 54% with dynamics. These results clearly indicate the importance of considering dynamic operating characteristics in discontinuously operating processes. The smelter plant variations are characterized by time scales that are similar to the stabilization time of the carbon capture plant. The behaviour of the capture plant can thus not be fully characterized using a steady-state model (as used in this work), but this approach nevertheless provides an initial estimation of the design configuration and the share of heat demand which can be covered by the present process site energy system.
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| 3. |
- Martinez Castilla, Guillermo, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic assessment of fluidized bed calcium looping for thermochemical energy storage with CO2 capture
- 2021
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Ingår i: Short papers from the 11th International Trondheim CCS Conference. - 2387-4295. - 9788253617145 ; , s. 390-397
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multicyclic carbonation-calcination of CaCO3 in fluidized bed reactors is a promising process for both thermochemical energy storage (TCES) and CO2 capture. In this paper, a techno-economic assessment of the calcium loop (CaL) process with simultaneous TCES and CO2 capture from an existing CO2-emitting facility is carried out. Inputs to the process are non-dispatchable high temperature heat and a stream of flue gas, while the process outputs are electricity (both dispatchable and non-dispatchable) and CO2 for compression and storage. The process is sized so the charging section can run steadily during 12h per day and the discharging section to operate steadily 24h per day. The study assesses the economic performance of the process through the breakeven electricity price (BESP) and cost per CO2 captured. The study excludes the costs of the renewable energy plant and the CO2 transport and storage. The sensitivity of the results to the main process and economic parameters is also assessed. Results show that the BESP of the case with the most realistic set of economic predictions ranges between 141 and-20 $/MWh for varying plant size. When assessed as a carbon capture facility with a revenue made from both the electricity sale and the carbon capture services, the cost ranges between 178 and 4 $/tCO2-captured. The investment cost of the reactors is found to be the largest fraction of the computed costs, while the sensitivity analysis points at the degree of conversion in the carbonator as the most crucial parameter, with large cost reductions for increased conversion.
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| 4. |
- Reyes-Lúa, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Potential Impact of the Preem-CCS Project
- 2021
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Ingår i: Short Papers from the 11th International Trondheim CCS Conference. - 2387-4295. - 9788253617145 ; , s. 63-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing Preem CCS project investigates opportunities for CO2 capture from the Preem refineries in Lysekil and Gothenburg, Sweden, with focus on the Lysekil refinery. The consortium members of this Norwegian-Swedish collaboration are Preem AB, Chalmers University of Technology, SINTEF Energy Research, Equinor Energy and Aker Carbon Capture. In this paper, we present the alternative carbon capture and storage (CCS) value chains that are being studied, together with the potential amounts of direct CO2 emissions from production that can be captured in each case. We also discuss potential cost reduction factors for CO2 capture at the Preem refineries, such as heat integration within the refinery and economies of scale, which may also be of relevance for reduction of capture costs for other Northern Lights partners. The implementation of CO2 capture in the Preem refineries will be an important step not only for Preem but also for Sweden to reach their climate neutrality goals.
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| 5. |
- Filipsson, Peter J, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Chilled water temperature control of self-regulating active chilled beams
- 2020
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Ingår i: SINTEF Proceedings. - 2387-4295. - 9788253616797 ; 5, s. 230-237
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flow rate of chilled water in a self-regulating active chilled beam is constant without respect to the actual cooling load. The cooling capacity is instead determined by the room temperature, which gives rise to the self-regulating effect, and also by the centrally controlled chilled water temperature, which is the focus of this paper . Previous studies have emphasized the benefit of avoiding room-level control equipment, but also highlighted the risk of overcooling with detrimental effects on thermal climate and energy demand. Overcooling may be avoided by supply temperature control, but strategies have not yet been studied in systems operating in cooling mode only. Simulations are carried out with IDA ICE. The results show that overcooling is effectively avoided by proper control of the chilled water temperature. Desired thermal climate is achieved and the energy demand is in the same order of magnitude as in a system with individually and ideally PI-controlled active chilled beams.
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| 6. |
- Ollas, Patrik, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-Dynamic Modelling of DC Operated Ground-Source Heat Pump
- 2020
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Ingår i: SINTEF Proceedings. - Oslo. - 2387-4295. ; 5, s. 208-213, s. 208-213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of a conventional ground-source heat pump (GSHP) has been measured in the laboratory with alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) operation using the standardised points from EN14511:2018. The results from these measurements have been used to modify a variable speed heat pump model in IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (ICE) and the annual performance of AC and DC operation have been simulated for an entire year’s operation at two geographical locations in Sweden. Results show that the energy savings with DC operation from laboratory measurements span between 1.4–5.2% and when simulating the performance for an entire year’s operation, the energy savings vary between 2.5–3.4%. Furthermore, the energy savings from the simulations have been compared to the bin method described in EN14825:2018.
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