| 1. |
- Adams, Paul C., et al.
(författare)
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Postdigital Territoriality : Disentangling from Digital Media as a Return to Place
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 113:3, s. 658-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People adopt geographical strategies to distance themselves from digital sociality. Rather than merely turning off devices, they engage in a broader, more durable project of disentangling. This effort responds to the homogenizing, standardizing forces of connective media and their coercive entanglements: socially normalized routines of personal media use, hybridizations of human agency with communication technologies, and digitally mediated activities that generate predictive and prescriptive products. Geographical attention to disentangling is merited by the fact that it comes in local variants and brings questions of place and human territoriality back onto the agenda in significantly new ways as part of a postdigital territoriality. We offer two vignettes revealing place's role as protective, with its territoriality drawing a line around the self. We argue that postdigital territoriality inevitably reflects a differentiated terrain of gender, income, profession, and other elements of positionality.
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| 2. |
- Carton, Wim
(författare)
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Rendering local: The politics of differential knowledge in carbon offset governance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 110:5, s. 1353-1368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental governance relies on the translation of socioecological knowledge across disciplines and cultural–political boundaries. Comparatively few studies have, however, examined how such expert knowledge is translated back into the local contexts where projects are implemented. This article explores these processes of translation for the case of forest-based carbon offsetting using a case study of the Trees for Global Benefits project in Uganda. Based on successive fieldwork in two project regions, it examines how climate change, carbon, and carbon trading are understood by project participants and what work these understandings perform as part of the governance of carbon offsets. The article identifies a distinctive “rendering local” of project logics and rationale, which occurs in part as a management strategy by the project organizers and is in part the outcome of participants’ own articulations of offsetting concepts within the socioecological contexts in which they are embedded. Although these often unruly translations provide tensions and contradictions within the sociomaterial assemblage that constitutes the offset market, they also serve to facilitate project management. The dynamics identified here highlight the uneven geographies of environmental knowledge as instrumental to the governance of the offset market, therefore warranting closer attention by scholars studying carbon forestry and neoliberal environmentalism more generally.
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| 3. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Media and Emergency Services : Information Sharing about Cases of Missing Persons in Rural Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 112:1, s. 266-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to investigate the nature of information sharing in social media about missing persons by using social media data (mostly Twitter) and conventional media coverage (media archives), adopting a platial perspective to this geographical information. By focusing on the cases of three people gone missing, we report on ways in which civil society establishes relational networks through social media to collectively support local searches and share information in rural Sweden. Geographical information systems and visualization techniques underlie the methodology of this study. Findings show that the geography of information sharing in social media about a missing person is not random, revealing a globally dispersed pattern across the country. Information sharing contains more emotional than informational content, hitting a peak of spread after a person is found deceased. This finding indicates that the value of information shared by social media as a problem-solving resource might have so far been overestimated in the process of finding missing persons. In addition, tweets show indications that voluntary organizations constitute a valuable resource in rural contexts but not without impact on the existing networks of stakeholders delivering emergency services.
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| 4. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Climate Change and Financial Instability : Risk Disclosure and the Problematics of Neoliberal Governance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 107:5, s. 1108-1127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, climate change has increasingly come to be seen as one of the principal threats to future global financial stability. This article identifies and critiques the emerging consensus among international financial regulators as to how this threatthe key perceived components of which are also delineatedcan best be managed. It shows that the preferred approach mirrors hegemonic postfinancial crisis regulatory practice vis-a-vis financial stability risk more generically: prioritization of market discipline underpinned by risk disclosure. The article characterizes this approach as a quintessentially neoliberal modality of governance. It also argues that insofar as this approach relies on financial market workings and financial institutional behaviors explicitly belied by the financial crisis, it risks precisely the type of climate Minsky moment regulators aim to avoid.
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| 5. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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Environmental Beta or How Institutional Investors Think about Climate Change and Fossil Fuel Risk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 109:3, s. 754-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely recognized that to limit the long-term extent of global warming and its socioecological consequences, the world must transition over future decades to a low- or zero-carbon economy. Among the many imponderables relating to this eventual transition is the role of the principal owners of the fossil fuel companies that are primarily responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions-namely, institutional financial investors. The investment behavior of these institutions will substantively shape not only the speed and nature of the economy and society's transition to cleaner energy sources but also the speed and nature of the global financial system's own parallel transition to a low- or zero-carbon world. In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2007 to 2009, governments and regulators around the world are increasingly concerned that the latter transition might represent a major potential source of future financial instability. These authorities are calling on institutional investors to effect an orderly and measured transition by fully recognizing the climate-related risks of investment in fossil fuel companies and pricing these risks appropriately. Yet they are doing so in the absence of informed, up-to-date, and meaningful knowledge of how the investment community actually thinks about climate change and fossil fuel risk. This article maps out the key lineaments of this thinking on the basis of an extensive program of interviews with global investment institutions. Contra government and regulator hopes and expectations, this thinking indicates that fossil fuel investment is set to be a long-term locus of excess, not minimal, financial market volatility: of environmental beta.
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| 6. |
- Clark, Julian, et al.
(författare)
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Water as "Time-Substance" : The Hydrosocialities of Climate Change in Nepal
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2469-4452. ; 4452:July
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article develops a novel theoretical framework to explain how water's situatedness relates to its political agency. Recent posthuman scholarship emphasizes these qualities but, surprisingly, no sustained analysis has been undertaken of this interrelation. Here we do so by theorizing water as a “time-substance” to reposition human hydrological struggles (including those exacerbated by climate change) around the topologies and temporalities rather than the spatialities of water. This innovative approach opens up new areas of geographical enquiry based on hydrosocial forms, hydrosocial transformations, and hydrosocial information (collectively referred to here as hydrosocialities). We contend that hydrosocialities enable the tracing of human–water relations that transcend times and scales and the matricial categories of subject and object to overcome the situated–agential binary of water. Drawing on two years of fieldwork in Mustang, Nepal, this conceptual framework is deployed to examine hydrosocialities in two remote mountain communities. We show hydrosocialities that comprise diverse water knowledge practices constituted from multiple points of proximity between the social and the hydrological in space and time. In turn, this conceptual framework underscores the importance of boundary objects in mediating water's situated–agential qualities. The article concludes that consequently boundary objects can play a crucial role in producing new practical hydrosocial politics of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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| 7. |
- Fischer, Harry
(författare)
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Electricity-Centered Clientelism and the Contradictions of Private Solar Microgrids in India
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 109, s. 465-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most discussions about solar microgrids focus on sustainable energy and development goals and the technical aspects of electricity generation, storage, transmission, and distribution. Very few explicitly examine the ways in which their introduction upsets and reshapes entrenched practices of electoral politics and citizen claim-making around electricity access and development. In India, as in many parts of the world, electricity represents the most visible symbol of economic development and social well-being. Democratic politics in many developing countries are linked to demands for access to electricity. The meshing of electricity, development, and democratic politics in postindependence India has produced a politics of clientelism in which parties have sought to gain voter support with promises of cheap or free electricity. Although this electricity-centered clientelism has expanded supply, it has simultaneously contributed to skewed spatial access, unreliable supply, and high debt burdens for state-owned electricity distribution companies. This article examines histories of clientelism and the contradictions emerging from the introduction of private solar microgrids in rural areas of the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It shows that although solar microgrids avoid electricity-centered clientelism, significant numbers of poor rural households in their supply areas are both excluded by their user-pays approach and unable to demand fair access through political representatives. The study calls for alternative governance and support programs at local levels that ensure that private solar microgrids can deliver reliable electricity to poor households. Key Words: clientelism, electricity, India, populism, solar microgrids.
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| 8. |
- Hennerdal, Pontus, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A Multiscalar Approach for Identifying Clusters and Segregation Patterns That Avoids the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 107:3, s. 555-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One problem encountered in analyses based on data aggregated into areal units is that the results can depend on the delineation of the areal units. Therefore, a particular aggregation at a specific scale can yield an arbitrary result that is valid only for that specific delineation. This problem is called the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), and it has previously been shown to create issues in analyses of clusters and segregation patterns. Many analyses of segregation and clustering use the ratio or difference between a value for an areal unit and the corresponding value for a larger area of reference. We argue that the results of such an analysis can also be rendered arbitrary if one does not examine the effects of varying the geographical extent of the area of reference to test whether the analysis results are valid for more than a specific areal delineation. We call this the part of the MAUP that is related to the area of reference. In this article, we present and demonstrate a multiscalar approach for studying segregation and clustering that avoids the MAUP, including the part of the problem related to the area of reference. The proposed methods rely on multiscalar aggregation of the k nearest neighbors of a location in a statistical comparison with a larger area of reference consisting of the K nearest neighbors. The methods are exemplified by identifying clusters and segregation patterns of the Hispanic population in the contiguous United States.
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| 9. |
- Jiang, Bin, Professor, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Living Images: A Recursive Approach to Computing the Structural Beauty of Images or the Livingness of Space
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Association of Geographers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2469-4452 .- 2469-4460. ; 113:6, s. 1329-1347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to Gestalt theory, any image is perceived subconsciously as a coherent structure (or whole) with two contrast substructures: figure and ground. The figure consists of numerous autogenerated substructures with an inherent hierarchy of far more smalls than larges. Through these substructures, the structural beauty of an image (L), or equivalently the livingness of space, can be computed by the multiplication of the number of substructures (S) and their inherent hierarchy (H). This definition implies that the more substructures something has, the more living or more structurally beautiful it is, and the higher the hierarchy of the substructures, the more living or more structurally beautiful. This is the nonrecursive approach to the structural beauty of images or the livingness of space. In this article we develop a recursive approach, which derives all substructures of an image (instead of its figure) and continues the deriving process for those decomposable substructures until none of them are decomposable. All of the substructures derived at different iterations (or recursive levels) together constitute a living structure; hence the notion of living images. We have applied the recursive approach to a set of images that have been previously studied in the literature and found that (1) the number of substructures of an image is far lower (3 percent on average) than the number of pixels and the centroids of the substructures can effectively capture the skeleton or saliency of the image; (2) all the images have a recursive level more than four, indicating that they are indeed living images; (3) no more than 3 percent of the substructures are decomposable, implying that a vast amount of the substructures are not decomposable; (4) structural beauty can be well measured by the recursively defined substructures, as well as their decomposable subsets. Despite a slightly higher computational cost, the recursive approach is proven to be more robust than the nonrecursive approach. The recursive approach and the nonrecursive approach both provide a powerful means to study the livingness or vitality of space in cities and communities.
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| 10. |
- Kübler, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
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Against All Odds : Multicriteria Decision Making with Hazard Prediction Maps Depicting Uncertainty
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 110:3, s. 661-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a multicriteria decision-making study where participants were asked to purchase a house shown on maps that include hazard prediction information. We find that participants decided to buy different houses, depending on whether uncertainty is shown on the map display and on the type of uncertainty visualization (i.e., varying color value, focus, or texture). We also find that participants’ individual differences with respect to their assessed risk-taking behavior influences their spatial decision making with maps. Risk-takers seem to underestimate the dangers of natural hazards when prediction uncertainties are depicted. We are thus able to shed additional light on how people use visualized uncertainty information to make complex map-based decisions. We can demonstrate that not only are design characteristics relevant for map-based reasoning and decision-making outcomes but so are the decision makers’ individual background and the map-based decision-making context.
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