| 1. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Using Language and Affective Profiles to Investigate Differences between Individuals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The affective profiles model (i.e., four possible profiles based on the combination of people’s high/low positive/negative affect) has led to a great number of studies on individual differences during the past ten years. Nevertheless, only a handful of these studies have investigated actual behavior. Here we put forward two ways for analyzing online behavior (i.e., Facebook status updates) using data published elsewhere. We used the affective profiles model as the framework to investigate individual differences in the words people use when they write on Facebook and the semantic content of their status updates. We suggest that the use of computerized methods to quantify and analyze text need to be used in order to move the affective profiles model into the era of big text data.
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| 2. |
- Jacobsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Consultants’ versus Managers’ - Perceptions of a Group Development Intervention Program
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines a large scale intervention program within the manufacturing industry with the purpose of improving cooperation and health among both management and production teams. Altogether 31 management teams and 132 production teams, comprising 1596 individuals, participated in this intervention program. All the management teams were assigned a budget of nine hours of consultation-time each, plus a GDQ-measurement before and at the termination of the project. There were six meetings during the project and each meeting lasted one and a half hours. Four groups met concurrently, in the same room together with the two consultants. The present results target the issue of consultants’ and managers’ perceptions of the intervention process, but not the outcomes or the result of the intervention performed. Interviews were carried out with the two consultants who conducted the whole intervention and ten of the top managers who participated in the intervention. The interviews focused upon critical aspects associated with either success or failure before, during and after the intervention program. Content analyses were performed for consultant and managers separately, in order to extract themes describing their views of the intervention process. Similarities and differences between consultants’ and managers’ perceptions of the process are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Haddad, Bobby, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Triad, Sociosexual Orientation and Religious Affiliation: An Association and Moderation Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We examined the relationships between individuals’ malevolent tendencies (i.e., the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), sociosexual orientation (i.e., behavior, attitude, and desire to participate in uncommited sex) and religious affiliation. Method: The participants consisted of US-residents (N = 309) who responded to an online survey through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). A correlation analysis was used to investigate the association between variables and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate if religious affiliation moderated the effect of the Dark Triad composite (i.e., the sum of the three dark traits) on global sociosexual orientation. Results: The Dark Triad traits had a positive relationship with each of the dimensions of sociosexual orientation, but only psychopathy was significantly negatively related to religious affiliation. Religious affiliation, in turn, was negatively related to sociosexual orientation and its’ dimensions. Religious affiliation, however, did not moderate the effect of Dark Triad on sociosexual orientation. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the impact of religiousness/spirituality upon aspects of malevolent character traits, that is, deviant sexual orientation.
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| 4. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Need of Holistic Interventions in Schools: The Promotion of Healthy and Sustainable Personal Development among Children
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interventions and preventions targeting empathy development at school need to take into account both the age and gender of the child. Additionally, the development of a theory of mind is closely related to the development of character or what people make of themselves intentionally, their values, and goals. In this commentary, it is our opinion that interventions at school should target the development of, besides empathy per se, character development. Here we first present a biopsychosociospiritual model of human personality. Secondly, we briefly describe two interventions that are relatively common in Sweden for the development of children’s social and emotional skills and then detail a non-published study in which differences in character point to areas of development for interventions at schools.
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| 5. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Affective Profiling to Determine Propensity for Empowerment or Disempowerment: Protective Attributes or Afflictive Proclivities in Depressive States and Well-Being
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A plethora of studies focusing on a ective personality attributes, positive a ect (PA) and negative a ect (NA), have measured ubiquitously self-reports of the Positive A ect and Negative A ect Schedule (PANAS), forming the basis of prevailing notions regarding health and well-being over di erent ethnical populations, gender and clinical and healthy volunteer populations [1-27]. Invariably, these studies have measured participants’ self-reported feelings of enthusiasm, activity, feelings of duty, control, strong, proud (i.e., PA) linking them to well- being, proneness to frequent exercise and agentic, cooperative, and spiritual behaviors (e.g., self-acceptance, goal-orientations, empathy, helpfulness, seeking support in faith, meaningfulness). In contrast, feelings such as anger, guilt, shame contempt, and distress (i.e., NA) are associated with anxiety, depressiveness, ill-being, rumination, inaction (e.g., low exercise frequency and passive leisure activities such as watching TV) and health problems. ese studies show that PA and NA ought to be viewed as separate entities, despite the temptation to view them as opposite poles on a continuum
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| 6. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949
(författare)
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Physical Exercise as an Epigenetic Factor Determining Behavioral Outcomes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The science of behavior has been afforded much fuel for advancement of notions of lifespan development through the emerging observations of (i) physical exercise as an intervention for disease states and health assurances and (ii) epigenetics as the biological avenues determining whether or not individuals well-being or ill-being. Any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness implies the involvement of regular and frequent exercise have defined exercise as a planned, structured physical activity with the purpose of improving one or more aspects of physical fitness and functional capacity. Epigenetics may be defined as the study of heritable phenotypic expressions resulting from changes in a chromosome without alterations in the DNA sequence. It has been applied in developmental psychology to examine psychobiological development emerging from an ongoing, bi-directional interchange between heredity and the environment through mechanisms of temporal and spatial control of gene activity during the development of complex organisms thereby shaping the behavior of individuals and organisms; as an experimental aspect of psychology it investigates how the life-span of ‘nurture’ orchestrates the biological heredity of ‘nature’.
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| 7. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Selective Diets for Dementia Disorders
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is ever-increasing and all current therapies, when effective, remain only symptomatic. Diet, including fruit and vegetable juicing, nutritional supplements, and ketogenic supplements have been found to improve the condition of subjects presenting neurodegenerative disorders. Under various conditions, it is becoming increasing evident that a Mediterranean-type diet supplemented by olive oil and several different forms of physical exercise may improve global cognition. This type of selective diet that has been combined to be augmented by olive oil and soy isoflavone supplements is linked to potential improve memory and learning, as well as several other necessary daily activities, and several biomarkers of brain health and function. There is an ever-growing trend towards guidelines promoting a greater consumption of plant food- based dietary patterns combined with limitations upon the consumption of animal-based food and a plethora of more-or-less specific guidelines have been formulated. Individual-centered strategies that combine interventions to improve physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning may offer improvements to lifestyle (e.g., change in diet) that promote cognitive health in the oldest-old.
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| 8. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Affectivity Profiling in Relation to Exercise: Six-months Exercise Frequency, Motivation, and Basic Psychological Needs Fulfilment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the past 10 years, several studies using the affective profiles model (i.e., combinations of high/low positive/negative affect) show that individuals with high positive affect profiles (i.e., self-fulfilling and high affective) report greater propensity to exercise compared to individuals with low positive affect profiles (i.e., self- destructive and low affective). Nevertheless, these studies have not used objective measures of exercise frequency. Objective: We investigated differences in exercise frequency six months back in time, motivation, basic psychological needs fulfillment, and if the effect of motivation and needs on training frequency was moderated by type of profile. Method: 143 individuals at a training facility in the South of Sweden responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 2, the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, and provided their membership number for the electronic tracking of their training frequency. Results: Although there were no differences in exercise frequency, positive affect was negatively associated to external regulation and positively to autonomy, competence, and relatedness per se; both when negative affect was low or high. All other variables presented complex dynamic associations to affectivity. Training frequency was positively related to introjected regulation and competence among individuals with a self-destructive profile and negatively to relatedness among those with a high affective profile. Conclusion: Future studies are needed in order to investigate objective measures of exercise frequency in relation to affectivity profiling. Importantly, the model allows the comparison of people who differ in one affectivity dimensions while keeping the other constant.
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| 9. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Happiness- Increasing Strategies Between and Within Affective Profiles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clincal Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:3, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In a recent study, Schütz and colleagues [1] used the affective profile model (i.e., the combination of peoples’ experience of high/low positive/negative affect) to investigate individual differences in intentional happiness-increasing strategies. Here we used a merged larger sample, a person-centered method to create the profiles, and a recent factor validated happiness-increasing strategies scale, to replicate the original findings. Method: The participants were 1,000 (404 males, 596 females) individuals recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) who answered to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Happiness-Increasing Strategies Scales. Participants were clustered in the four affective profiles using the software RopStat (http://www. ropstat.com). Analyses of variance were conducted to discern differences in how frequently the strategies were used among people with different profiles. Results: Individuals with profiles at the extremes of the model (e.g., self-fulfilling vs. self-destructive) differed the most in their use of strategies. The differences within individuals with profiles that diverge in one affectivity dimension while being similar in the other suggested that, for example, decreases in negative affect while positive affect is low (self-destructive vs. low affective) will lead or might be a function of a decrease in usage of both the mental control and the passive leisure strategies. Conclusion: The self-fulfilling experience, depicted as high positive affect and low negative affect, is a combination of agentic (instrumental goal pursuit, active leisure, direct attempts), communal (social affiliation), and spiritual (religion) strategies. Nevertheless, the affective system showed the characteristics of a complex dynamic adaptive system: the same strategies might lead to different profiles (multi-finality) and different strategies might lead to the same profile (equifinality).
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| 10. |
- Ghandchi, Bahram, et al.
(författare)
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Electromagnetic Fields and Human Beings: A Person-Centered Approach to Human Technology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we first briefly review the work from the World Health Organization (WHO; 1996), which recognized the need for research addressing the EMFs’ influence on human health. The WHO has given guidelines focused mainly on three directives: Challenges, Competencies, and Context. In addition, we also briefly review the projects conducted by the European Union (EU) that have investigated the influence of EMFs on human beings. As the third part of this article, we briefly explain the work of a unit of the International Telecom Union (ITU), the Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), which assembles experts from around the world to develop international standards for communication systems. At the end of this article we make some suggestions for further research based on the nature of human beings, person-centered research, and the Science of Well-being.
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