| 1. |
- Harrie, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Label Placement Challenges in City Wayfinding Map Production - Identification and Possible Solutions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer. - 2509-8810 .- 2509-8829. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Map label placement is an important task in map production, which needs to be automated since it is tedious and requires a significant amount of manual work. In this paper, we identify five cartographic labeling situations that present challenges by causing intensive manual work in map production of city wayfinding maps, e.g., label placement in high density areas, utilizing true label geometries in automated methods, and creating a good relationship between text labels and icons. We evaluate these challenges in an open source map labeling tool (QGIS), provide results from a preliminary study, and discuss if there are other techniques that could be applicable to solving these challenges. These techniques are based on quantified cartographic rules or on machine learning. We focus on deep learning for which we provide several examples of techniques from other application domains that might have a potential in map label placement. The aim of the paper is to explore those techniques and to recommend future practical studies for each of the identified five challenges in map production. We believe that targeting the revealed challenges using the proposed solutions will significantly raise the automation level for producing city wayfinding maps, thus, having a real, measurable impact on production time and costs.
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| 2. |
- Jiang, Bin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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How complex is a fractal? : Head/tail breaks and fractional hierarchy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-8810 .- 2509-8829. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fractal bears a complex structure that is reflected in a scaling hierarchy, indicating that there are far more small things than large ones. This scaling hierarchy can be effectively derived using head/tail breaks—a clustering and visualization tool for data with a heavy-tailed distribution—and quantified by a head/tail breaks-induced integer, called ht-index, indicating the number of clusters or hierarchical levels. However, this integral ht-index has been found to be less precise for many fractals at their different phrases of development. This paper refines the ht-index as a fraction to measure the scaling hierarchy of a fractal more precisely within a coherent whole and further assigns a fractional ht-index—the fht-index—to an individual data value of a data series that represents the fractal. We developed two case studies to demonstrate the advantages of the fht-index, in comparison with the ht-index. We found that the fractional ht-index or fractional hierarchy in general can help characterize a fractal set or pattern in a much more precise manner. The index may help create intermediate map scales between two consecutive map scales.
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| 3. |
- Judge, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing a possible future: Map Guidelines for a 3D Detailed Development Plan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-8829 .- 2509-8810. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed development plans (DDPs) legally define what can be built on a specific property. A proper visualization of these plans is important to facilitate public participation in the urban planning process. In most countries, visualizations of DDPs are still in the form of static 2D maps, but there is a movement towards 3D interactive maps. This movement could potentially benefit public participation by improving communication of the plan proposal, but it also raises issues concerning the cartographic design. A challenge is that a DDP visualization does not convey whatwillbe built in an area, but rather whatcouldbe built within the legal frame of the DDP. This implies that the uncertainty in the cartographic design needs to be addressed. In this study, we develop (based on literature review) and implement preliminary guidelines of a 3D DDP visualization, including interactivity possibilities to explicitly address the issue of uncertainty in DDP visualization. The preliminary guidelines are evaluated by semi-structured interviews with urban planning professionals, and based on the outcome of these interviews, the guidelines are updated. The movement toward 3D DDP visualizations was stressed by the participants as important for improving the public understanding and participation in the urban planning process, when the appropriate cartography and functionality is applied.
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| 4. |
- Mai, Gengchen, et al.
(författare)
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Narrative Cartography with Knowledge Graphs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-8829 .- 2509-8810. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Narrative cartography is a discipline which studies the interwoven nature of stories and maps. However, conventional geovisualization techniques of narratives often encounter several prominent challenges, including the data acquisition & integration challenge and the semantic challenge. To tackle these challenges, in this paper, we propose the idea of narrative cartography with knowledge graphs (KGs). Firstly, to tackle the data acquisition & integration challenge, we develop a set of KG-based GeoEnrichment toolboxes to allow users to search and retrieve relevant data from integrated cross-domain knowledge graphs for narrative mapping from within a GISystem. With the help of this tool, the retrieved data from KGs are directly materialized in a GIS format which is ready for spatial analysis and mapping. Two use cases — Magellan’s expedition and World War II — are presented to show the effectiveness of this approach. In the meantime, several limitations are identified from this approach, such as data incompleteness, semantic incompatibility, and the semantic challenge in geovisualization. For the later two limitations, we propose a modular ontology for narrative cartography, which formalizes both the map content (Map Content Module) and the geovisualization process (Cartography Module). We demonstrate that, by representing both the map content and the geovisualization process in KGs (an ontology), we can realize both data reusability and map reproducibility for narrative cartography.
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| 5. |
- Midtbø, Terje, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of the Invisible (Editorial)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2509-8829 .- 2509-8810. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Visualizing geographical phenomena often involve communication of information and relationships through a map in either 2D or 3D. In many cases, the information conveyed through the map is a simplified and symbolic depiction of phenomena that is visible in our physical environment. However, maps are also effective for the communication of geographical phenomena that are hidden or are by nature “invisible” for the human eye. As well as invisible factors in our present environment, tracks of occurrences and events from the past have often been lost for many years. In the same way, future situations have still not materialized. This issue covers all these situations. From historical landscapes and events in the past, cadastre and underground geology today and urban planning for the future. The use of traditional cartographic techniques as well as virtual reality are discussed. Several of the research projects involve user studies. The main objectives contributing papers are to make the “invisible” information accessible and more understandable for humans.
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| 6. |
- Seipel, Stefan, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Visualisation of 3D Property Data and Assessment of the Impact of Rendering Attributes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer. - 2509-8810 .- 2509-8829. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visualisations of 3D cadastral information incorporating both intrinsically spatial andnon-spatial information are examined here. The design of a visualisation prototype islinked to real case 3D property information. In an interview with domain experts, thefunctional and visual features of the prototype are assessed. The choice of renderingattributes was identified as an important aspect for further analysis. A computationalapproach to systematic assessment of the consequences of different graphical designchoices is proposed. This approach incorporates a colour similarity metric, visualsaliency maps, and k-nearest neighbour (kNN) classification to estimate risks ofconfusing or overlooking relevant elements in a visualisation.The results indicate that transparency is not an independent visual variable, as itaffects the apparent colour of 3D objects and makes them inherently more difficult todistinguish. Transparency also influences visual saliency of objects in a scene. Theproposed analytic approach was useful for visualisation design and revealed that theconscious use of graphical attributes, like combinations of colour, transparency andline styles, can improve saliency of objects in a 3D scene.
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| 7. |
- Vrotsou, Katerina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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An Interactive Approach for Exploration of Flows Through Direction-Based Filtering
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis. - : Springer. - 2509-8810 .- 2509-8829. ; 1:1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is concerned with the representation and exploration of flows, defined as spatial interactions between geographic locations. Flows are challenging to display in a comprehensible manner due to the nature of the data, which are characterized by many crossings and overlaps leading to clutter. A number of different strategies have been suggested for addressing this problem, which commonly involve reducing the search space, aggregating the data or simplifying the representations often at the cost of information loss or distortion of spatial context. We propose an interactive approach for exploring large and highly connected networks of flows without distorting the geographical space and without losing the context overview in the process. The approach is based on a flow-specific interaction technique for filtering the data by direction, that enables an analyst to successively identify underlying spatial arrangement patterns. We illustrate our approach through exploring flows of tourists and locals in the Greater London area.
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