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| 2. |
- Andersson, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Biogeochemical and mechanical characterization of the landfill fraction generated by mechanical waste sorting
- 2021
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Ingår i: Detritus. - : CISA Publisher. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 15, s. 120-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the resource recovery from mixed waste streams are performed, new mixed waste streams are generated. Some of these waste streams does not fit well to existing waste management options, for example, they may hold a to low heating value to sustain combustion and they may have a too high carbon content to be accepted at non-hazardous landfills. Also various health and pollution risks may arise as well as practical handling issues due to the physical properties of such wastes. One such waste is the under sieve fraction generated when recovering metals and fuel from mixed waste streams using mechanical and magnetic separation tools. Such mechanical sorting is typically used for mixed wastes of different properties and particle sizes, such as houshold bulky wastes, construction and demolition waste, and at landfill mining materials. In this work, we examine the properties of one case of mechanical sorting of bulky wastes, including construction and demolition wastes. We analyse a broad spectrum of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties as well as some biological. Based on the data we develop recommendations for landfilling, what potential problems might arise and how to counteract them.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Sven, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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High Temperature Corrosion and Dioxin Abatement Using Sulfur Recirculation in a Waste-to-Energy Plant
- 2019
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Ingår i: Detritus. - : Eurowaste SRL. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 5:Mars, s. 92-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfur Recirculation is a novel technique for reducing the high temperature corrosion and dioxin formation in Waste-to-Energy plants by recirculating sulfur from the wet flue gas cleaning back to the boiler. This is achieved by separating SO2 from the flue gas in a wet scrubber downstream of a HCl scrubber. H2O2 dosed into the scrubber reacts with SO, in the gas and produces a 15-25 wt% H2SO4 solution, which is injected into the boiler producing SO2, thus creating a sulfur loop. The first permanent full-scale installation has been in operation in one of the two commercial full-scale Waste-to Energy boilers at Maabjerg Energy Center (MEC) in Denmark since October 2016. The recirculated sulfur increased the gas concentration of SO2 by a factor of 2-3 in the boiler, thereby enhancing the sulfation of corrosive alkali chlorides to non-corrosive alkali sulfates. The chlorine content of the superheater deposits decreased by 85%, and the superheater corrosion rate decreased by 40-90% during the first year of operation. The dioxin concentrations upstream of the dioxin removal system decreased by 75% and the dioxin emissions decreased by 72% with Sulfur Recirculation in operation. Furthermore, the sulfate containing effluent water was almost eliminated due to the increased sulfation of the ashes and deposits.
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| 4. |
- Bartl, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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SUPPLY AND SUBSTITUTION OPTIONS FOR SELECTED CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS: COBALT, NIOBIUM, TUNGSTEN, YTTRIUM AND RARE EARTHS ELEMENTS
- 2018
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Ingår i: Detritus. - : Eurowaste SRL. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 3:September, s. 37-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European industry is dependent on the import of raw materials. The European Commission has recognized that some raw materials are crucial for the function of the European economy and show a high risk of supply shortage. This communication addresses supply and substitution options for selected critical raw materials: cobalt, niobium, tungsten, yttrium, and the rare earth elements. For each element, the most relevant data concerning mining, abundance, recycling rates and possible substitutes are summarized and discussed.
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| 5. |
- Daugėla, Ignas, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and Analysis of Methane Emissions from a Landfill using Unmanned Aerial Drone Systems and Semiconductor Sensors
- 2020
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Ingår i: DETRITUS. - : CISA Publisher. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 10, s. 127-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill operators must collect data on the topography of their landfills, their biological and hydrological characteristics, and local meteorological conditions. These data can be collected by satellite, using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or by traditional methods such as static flux chambers or modelling. They serve as the basis for landfill monitoring, including the identification and measurement of methane (CH4) gas emissions. Here, we present an approach for landfill mapping using sensor data from unmanned aerial drone systems (UADS) based on DJI Matrice 200 UAVs with Zenmuse X4S sensors and Trimble UX5 UAVs with Sony NEX-5R sensors. RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and near infrared (NIR) data from these sensors were processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate orthoimages, digital elevation models (DEMs), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps. These were then used to evaluate changes in the surface structure and topography of the study area (Kariotiskes landfill, Lithuania). The NDVI maps were used to identify areas of sparse vegetation cover that may indicate localized CH4 emissions. Surface temperature maps based on thermal infrared (TIR) images were then prepared for analysis of these problematic areas. Finally, the presence of CH4 in these areas was investigated using a prototype lightweight gas sensor array. The structure of the Kariotiskes landfill site remained unchanged over three years, but there is evidence of possible CH4 gas influence at the landfill cover's surface. The combination of UADS-mounted imaging systems and the prototype gas sensor array enabled rapid analysis of emission hotspots and of landfill topography.
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| 6. |
- Einhaupl, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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DEVELOPING STAKEHOLDER ARCHETYPES FOR ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING
- 2019
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Ingår i: DETRITUS. - : CISA PUBLISHER. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 8, s. 109-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the perspectives of different stakeholders on emerging technological concepts is an important step towards their implementation. Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) is one of these emerging concepts. It aims at valorizing past waste streams to higher added values in a sustainable manner. Yet, assessment of ELFM mainly focusses on environmental and private economic issues, and societal impacts are rarely analyzed. This study uses semi-structured interviews to build understanding for different ELFM practitioners and researchers and develops five stakeholder archetypes for ELFM implementation: the Engaged Citizen, the Entrepreneur, the Technology Enthusiast, the Visionary and the Skeptic. The archetypes outline major differences in approaching ELFM implementation. The stakeholder perceptions are put into context with existing literature, and implications for ELFM implementation and future research are discussed. Results show that differences in regulatory changes and technology choices are affected by different stakeholder perspectives and more research is needed to balance inner- and inter-dimensional conflicts of ELFMs sustainability. The developed archetypes can especially be helpful when evaluating social impacts, whose perception often depends on opinion and is difficult to quantify.
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| 7. |
- Esguerra, John Laurence, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the economic potential of landfill mining : Review and recommendations
- 2019
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Ingår i: DETRITUS. - : CISA PUBLISHER. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 8, s. 125-140
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As landfill mining (LFM) gains public attention, systematic assessment of its economic potential is deemed necessary. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the usefulness and validity of previous economic assessments of LFM. Following the life cycle costing (LCC) framework, (i) the employed methods based on goal and scope, technical parameters and data inventory, and modelling choices were contrasted with respect to (ii) the synthesized main findings based on net profitability and economic performance drivers. Results showed that the selected studies (n=15) are mostly case study-specific and concluded that LFM has a weak economic potential, hinting at the importance of favorable market and regulation settings. However, several method issues are apparent as costs and revenues are accounted at different levels of aggregation, scope and scale-from process to sub-process level, from private to societal economics, and from laboratory to pilot-scale, respectively. Moreover, despite the inherent large uncertainties, more than half of the studies did not perform any uncertainty or sensitivity analyses posing validity issues. Consequently, this also limits the usefulness of results as individual case studies and as a collective, towards a generic understanding of LFM economics. Irrespective of case study-specific or generic aims, this review recommends that future assessments should be learning-oriented. That is, uncovering granular information about what builds up the net profitability of LFM, to be able to systematically determine promising paths for the development of cost-efficient projects.
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| 8. |
- Hernández Parrodi, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of resource recovery into current waste management through (enhanced) landfill mining
- 2019
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Ingår i: Detritus. - : Eurowaste SRL. - 2611-4135 .- 2611-4127. ; 08, s. 141-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has somewhere between 150,000 and 500,000 landfill sites, with an estimated 90% of them being “non-sanitary” landfills, predating the EU Landfill Directive of1999/31/EC. These older landfills tend to be filled with municipal solid waste andoften lack any environmental protection technology. “Doing nothing”, state-of-theart aftercare or remediating them depends largely on technical, societal and economic conditions which vary between countries. Beside “doing nothing” and landfill aftercare, there are different scenarios in landfill mining, from re-landfilling thewaste into “sanitary landfills” to seizing the opportunity for a combined resource-recovery and remediation strategy. This review article addresses present and futureissues and potential opportunities for landfill mining as an embedded strategy incurrent waste management systems through a multi-disciplinary approach. In particular, three general landfill mining strategies are addressed with varying extentsof resource recovery. These are discussed in relation to the main targets of landfill mining: (i) reduction of the landfill volume (technical), (ii) reduction of risks andimpacts (environmental) and (iii) increase in resource recovery and overall profitability (economic). Geophysical methods could be used to determine the characteristics of the landfilled waste and subsurface structures without the need of aninvasive exploration, which could greatly reduce exploration costs and time, aswell as be useful to develop a procedure to either discard or select the most appropriate sites for (E)LFM. Material and energy recovery from landfilled waste canbe achieved through mechanical processing coupled with thermochemical valorization technologies and residues upcycling techniques. Gasification could enablethe upcycling of residues after thermal treatment into a new range of eco-friendlyconstruction materials based on inorganic polymers and glass-ceramics. The multi-criteria assessment is directly influenced by waste- and technology related factors, which together with site-specific conditions, market and regulatory aspects,influence the environmental, economic and societal impacts of (E)LFM projects.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kumpiene, Jurate
(författare)
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Books review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Detritius. - : Cisa Publisher. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 7, s. III-IV
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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