| 1. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Teenagers’ mental health problems predict probable mental diagnosis among girls, but what about the boys?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Population Medicine. - : European Publishing. - 2654-1459 .- 2654-1459. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Adolescents’ mental health is a public health concern. The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing, and there seems to be a gender difference, with girls reporting more mental health problems than boys, especially regarding internalizing problems. Most mental disorders debut early but often remain untreated into adulthood. Therefore, early detection of mental disorders is essential. The study aimed to estimate to what extent teenagers’ self-reports of mental health problems predict probable mental diagnoses as they enter adulthood, particularly regarding gender differences. Methods: Self-reported mental health problems, Youth Self-Report (YSR) at 15 years (n = 504) from the ongoing Finnish family competence study (FFC) using modified multivariable Poisson regression analysis for prediction of DAWBA (Development and Wellbeing Assessment) interview outcomes 3 years later. Results: Recently published Results (Carlén et al., 2022) showed that one unit’s increase in YSR was estimated to correspond to an increase in the relative risk of a probable DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3.3% [RR (95% CI) 1.03 (1.03–1.04), p < 0.001]. In gender-specific analysis, the Findings applied, particularly to girls. Conclusions: Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores at pubertal age predicted the risk of a probable mental diagnosis at the onset of adulthood, particularly for girls. Further research is needed to explain the lower sensitivity of YSR among boys.
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| 2. |
- Palmieri, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and psychosocial study environment characteristics associated with exposure to sexual harassment at a large public university in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Population Medicine. - 2654-1459. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objective: Universities can be understood as work-like environments for students. Limited research has examined this study environment from a Demand-Control-Support perspective with regards to sexual harassment. Understanding this environment is key to designing preventative measures. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between individual and psychosocial study environment characteristics and exposure to sexual harassment among students at Lund University, Sweden. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilised survey data from an online survey conducted among university students (N=8960). Questions on background characteristics, exposure to sexual harassment while at university and psychosocial study environment as measured by a Demand-Control-Support-instrument were used. Descriptive analysis, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between individual and study environment characteristics and exposure to sexual harassment. Population Attributable Fractions (PAF) were calculated and synergy indexes (SI) used to examine the interaction between demands and control and potential buffering effects of support. Results: High demands and low control were independently associated with higher odds of being exposed to sexual harassment among both females and males. When controlling for background characteristics, high study strain (combination of high demands and low control) was associated with exposure to sexual harassment among both female and male respondents and accounted for a PAF of 14% and 15% of study environment sexual harassment for females and males, respectively. Low lecturer support was associated with higher odds for sexual harassment for females but not males. No evidence was found for a buffering effect of support on high strain and sexual harassment. Conclusions: Reducing high psychosocial strain in study environments could be an effective strategy for reducing sexual harassment in university settings. Improving support from lecturers could also modify this relationship, but more research is required to identify causal pathways for this results.
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| 3. |
- Sowe, Alieu, et al.
(författare)
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The frequency of missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination and their impact on vaccination of children in The Gambia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Population Medicine. - : European Publishing. - 2654-1459. ; 5, s. 563-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objective: The number of zero-dose and under-vaccinated children has passed 20 million following the COVID-19 pandemic. Reducing missed opportunities for vaccination is recommended as a key strategy for increasing coverage because it involves utilising existing vaccination sites. To generate actionable evidence for coverage and equality improvement targeting, this study aimed to estimate the frequencies of missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination (MOSVs) and their correction by residential area and assess the impact of MOSVs on full vaccination and coverage of vaccine doses in The Gambia.Methods: Data of children with cards aged 12–23 months from The Gambia 2019/2020 demographic and health survey was used (weighted n = 1355). We measured the number of children who experienced at least 1 MOSV any time before the survey and the proportions of children who later 1) received all doses, 2) received some doses, and 3) never received any dose by residence. Finally, valid coverage with and without MOSVs was estimated for all eligible vaccine doses.Results: More than half of the children surveyed experienced at least one MOSV, and more than half of the MOSVs were later corrected. A quarter of the children who experienced MOSVs did not have them corrected. Rural and urban residents had similar experiences in the proportion of MOSVs, but children in urban areas had their MOSVs not corrected more frequently. Seventeen of eighteen vaccine doses in the national schedule would have coverage gains without MOSVs, with some gaining as much as nine percentage points in coverage.Conclusions: Missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination are frequent, negatively affecting coverage and differentially impacting rural and urban areas, and should be targeted for vaccination improvement. Our study emphasizes the importance of MOSVs for vaccination coverage and the need to implement the WHO missed opportunities for vaccination strategy.
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