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1.
  • Attermeyer, Katrin, et al. (författare)
  • Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-4435. ; 2:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1mmolm(-2) h(-1) at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams. Diel patterns can greatly impact total stream carbon dioxide emissions, with 39% greater carbon dioxide flux during the night-time relative to the day-time, according to a study of 34 streams across Europe.
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2.
  • Bianchi, Marta Angela, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing seafood nutritional diversity together with climate impacts informs more comprehensive dietary advice
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2662-4435. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Seafood holds promise for helping meet nutritional needs at a low climate impact. Here, we assess the nutrient density and greenhouse gas emissions, weighted by production method, that result from fishing and farming of globally important species. The highest nutrient benefit at the lowest emissions is achieved by consuming wild-caught small pelagic and salmonid species, and farmed bivalves like mussels and oysters. Many but not all seafood species provide more nutrition at lower emissions than land animal proteins, especially red meat, but large differences exist, even within species groups and species, depending on production method. Which nutrients contribute to nutrient density differs between seafoods, as do the nutrient needs of population groups within and between countries or regions. Based on the patterns found in nutritional attributes and climate impact, we recommend refocusing and tailoring production and consumption patterns towards species and production methods with improved nutrition and climate performance, taking into account specific nutritional needs and emission reduction goals. © 2022, The Author(s).
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3.
  • Bubnicki, Jakub W., et al. (författare)
  • The conservation value of forests can be predicted at the scale of 1 hectare
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-4435. ; 5:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To conserve biodiversity, it is imperative to maintain and restore sufficient amounts of functional habitat networks. Therefore, the location of the remaining forests with natural structures and processes over landscapes and large regions is a key objective. Here we integrated machine learning (Random Forest) and open landscape data to scan all forest landscapes in Sweden with a 1 ha spatial resolution with respect to the relative likelihood of hosting High Conservation Value Forests. Using independent spatial stand- and plot-level validation data, we confirmed that our predictions correctly represent different levels of forest naturalness, from degraded to those with high and associated biodiversity conservation values. Given ambitious national and international conservation objectives and increasingly intensive forestry, our model and the resulting wall-to-wall mapping fill an urgent gap for assessing the achievement of evidence-based conservation targets, spatial planning, and designing forest landscape restoration. 
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4.
  • Cardinaals, Renee P. M., et al. (författare)
  • Nutrient yields from global capture fisheries could be sustainably doubled through improved utilization and management
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2662-4435. ; 4:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The global food system is facing the challenge of producing sufficient nutrients to accommodate future demands within planetary boundaries, while reducing malnutrition. Although nutrient-rich seafood can play a prominent role in resolving this challenge, seafood from capture fisheries is currently partly wasted. Here we quantified the nutrient contribution from capture fisheries through a hypothetical scenario that assumed all captured seafood and byproducts from seafood processing would be used for human consumption. Our simulations show that available seafood per capita can be doubled without increasing the pressure on global fisheries when all reported, illegal, and discarded capture is used as food, complemented with processing byproducts. In such a scenario, seafood contributes greatly to daily nutrient requirements – e.g., omega-3 can be fully met. Although uncertainty should be considered, these results indicate that putting the whole fish on the table can increase nutrient availability from capture fisheries substantially and sustainably. 
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5.
  • Černok, Ana, et al. (författare)
  • Lunar samples record an impact 4.2 billion years ago that may have formed the Serenitatis Basin
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 2:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Impact cratering on the Moon and the derived size-frequency distribution functions of lunar impact craters are used to determine the ages of unsampled planetary surfaces across the Solar System. Radiometric dating of lunar samples provides an absolute age baseline, however, crater-chronology functions for the Moon remain poorly constrained for ages beyond 3.9 billion years. Here we present U–Pb geochronology of phosphate minerals within shocked lunar norites of a boulder from the Apollo 17 Station 8. These minerals record an older impact event around 4.2 billion years ago, and a younger disturbance at around 0.5 billion years ago. Based on nanoscale observations using atom probe tomography, lunar cratering records, and impact simulations, we ascribe the older event to the formation of the large Serenitatis Basin and the younger possibly to that of the Dawes crater. This suggests the Serenitatis Basin formed unrelated to or in the early stages of a protracted Late Heavy Bombardment.
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6.
  • Cesana, Grégory V., et al. (författare)
  • Observational constraint on a feedback from supercooled clouds reduces projected warming uncertainty
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - 2662-4435. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The increase of carbon-dioxide-doubling-induced warming (climate sensitivity) in the latest climate models is primarily attributed to a larger extratropical cloud feedback. This is thought to be partly driven by a greater ratio of supercooled liquid-phase clouds to all clouds, termed liquid phase ratio. We use an instrument simulator approach to show that this ratio has increased in the latest climate models and is overestimated rather than underestimated as previously thought. In our analysis of multiple models, a greater ratio corresponds to stronger negative cloud feedback, in contradiction with single-model-based studies. We trace this unexpected result to a cloud feedback involving a shift from supercooled to warm clouds as climate warms, which corresponds to greater cloud amount and optical depth and weakens the extratropical cloud feedback. Better constraining this ratio in climate models – and thus this supercooled cloud feedback – impacts their climate sensitivities by up to 1 ˚C and reduces inter-model spread.
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7.
  • Davis, K. L., et al. (författare)
  • Global coral reef ecosystems exhibit declining calcification and increasing primary productivity
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 2:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Long-term coral reef resilience to multiple stressors depends on their ability to maintain positive calcification rates. Estimates of coral ecosystem calcification and organic productivity provide insight into the environmental drivers and temporal changes in reef condition. Here, we analyse global spatiotemporal trends and drivers of coral reef calcification using a meta-analysis of ecosystem-scale case studies. A linear mixed effects regression model was used to test whether ecosystem-scale calcification is related to seasonality, methodology, calcifier cover, year, depth, wave action, latitude, duration of data collection, coral reef state, Omega(ar), temperature and organic productivity. Global ecosystem calcification estimated from changes in seawater carbonate chemistry was driven primarily by depth and benthic calcifier cover. Current and future declines in coral cover will significantly affect the global reef carbonate budget, even before considering the effects of sub-lethal stressors on calcification rates. Repeatedly studied reefs exhibited declining calcification of 4.31.9% per year (x = 1.8 +/- 0.7mmolm(-2)d(-1)yr(-1)), and increasing organic productivity at 3.0 +/- 0.8mmolm(-2)d(-1) per year since 1970. Therefore, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing a shift in their essential metabolic processes of calcification and photosynthesis, and could become net dissolving worldwide around 2054.
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8.
  • del Rey, Álvaro, et al. (författare)
  • Stable ocean redox during the main phase of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth and Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) represents the greatest increase in marine animal biodiversity ever recorded. What caused this transformation is heavily debated. One hypothesis states that rising atmospheric oxygen levels drove the biodiversification based on the premise that animals require oxygen for their metabolism. Here, we present uranium isotope data from a Middle Ordovician marine carbonate succession that shows the steepest rise in generic richness occurred with global marine redox stability. Ocean oxygenation ensued later and could not have driven the biodiversification. Stable marine anoxic zones prevailed during the maximum increase in biodiversity (Dapingian–early Darriwilian) when the life expectancy of evolving genera greatly increased. Subsequently, unstable ocean redox conditions occurred together with a marine carbon cycle disturbance and a decrease in relative diversification rates. Therefore, we propose that oceanic redox stability was a factor in facilitating the establishment of more resilient ecosystems allowing marine animal life to radiate.
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9.
  • Desbruyeres, Damien, et al. (författare)
  • A shift in the ocean circulation has warmed the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean since 2016
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 2:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Subpolar North Atlantic is known for rapid reversals of decadal temperature trends, with ramifications encompassing the large-scale meridional overturning and gyre circulations, Arctic heat and mass balances, or extreme continental weather. Here, we combine datasets derived from sustained ocean observing systems (satellite and in situ), idealized observation-based modelling (advection-diffusion of a passive tracer), and a machine learning technique (ocean profile clustering) to document and explain the most-recent and ongoing cooling-to-warming transition of the Subpolar North Atlantic. Following a gradual cooling of the region that was persisting since 2006, a surface-intensified and large-scale warming sharply emerged in 2016 following an ocean circulation shift that enhanced the northeastward penetration of warm and saline waters from the western subtropics. The long ocean memory of the Subpolar North Atlantic implies that this advection-driven warming is likely to persist in the near-future with possible implications for the Atlantic multidecadal variability and its global impacts. The subpolar North Atlantic Ocean warmed sharply after 2016 as the transport of warm saline waters from the western subtropics was enhanced - following a period of cooling between 2006 and 2016 - according to analyses of observations via idealized modelling and machine-learning techniques.
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10.
  • Detlef, Henrieka, et al. (författare)
  • Seasonal sea-ice in the Arctic's last ice area during the Early Holocene
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-4435. ; 4:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • According to climate models, the Lincoln Sea, bordering northern Greenland and Canada, will be the final stronghold of perennial Arctic sea-ice in a warming climate. However, recent observations of prolonged periods of open water raise concerns regarding its long-term stability. Modelling studies suggest a transition from perennial to seasonal sea-ice during the Early Holocene, a period of elevated global temperatures around 10,000 years ago. Here we show marine proxy evidence for the disappearance of perennial sea-ice in the southern Lincoln Sea during the Early Holocene, which suggests a widespread transition to seasonal sea-ice in the Arctic Ocean. Seasonal sea-ice conditions were tightly coupled to regional atmospheric temperatures. In light of anthropogenic warming and Arctic amplification our results suggest an imminent transition to seasonal sea-ice in the southern Lincoln Sea, even if the global temperature rise is kept below a threshold of 2 °C compared to pre-industrial (1850–1900).
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