| 1. |
- Alm, Jens, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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(In)capacity to implement measures for increased cycling? Experiences and perspectives from cycling planners in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0917. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article seeks to explore and analyse the capacity of Swedish municipalities to implement measures for increased cycling. Through the concept of local capacity and against the backdrop of interviews with local cycle planners, the aim of the article is to gain deeper insights into cycle planners’ experiences and perspectives on what the possibilities, obstacles and challenges are as regards achieving the aims of increased cycling. Although the interviews reveal that all capacity dimensions are important, financial and political capacity seem to be the most crucial dimensions. These two dimensions are also the ones that differentiate most between included municipalities, and thus also influence the local capacity. High staffing, earmarked funding, and a shift from the car to a sustainable mode of transport norm are all capacity-building measures. There also seem to be overarching difficulties in developing vertical linkages with the SwedishTransport Administration to increase the municipal capacity. The authority's responsibility for funding, operating, and maintaining the national public cycle network, and a lack of will to find common solutions are perceived as challenging by many municipalities. Greater consensus and collaboration between municipalities and the Swedish Transport Administration must be achieved to fulfil national and local policy aims on cycling.
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| 2. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0917. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest in operating autonomous vehicles is growing and several demonstration sites using automated shuttles have been established all over the world. Major work is involved in setting up an automated shuttle operation that involves more than identifying the relevant site, including adhering to current regulations and obtaining approval, as well as a considerable amount of preparation and commissioning required at the site. The shuttle must pass relevant national vehicle regulations, and the operation site has to undergo a site assessment. This paper is based on lessons learned achieved from setting up automated shuttle operations in three different areas in Europe: Brussel (Belgium), Linköping (Sweden) and Turin (Italy). The focus is on the practical aspects of operation. Through the experience we have gained of setting up demonstration sites at three locations in Europe, we have identified the need to summarise the lessons learned from preparing AV shuttle operation sites in order to facilitate the implementation of other operation sites. Hence, this paper aims to consolidate lessons learned during preparation and implementation of automated shuttle operations in near urban environments and to identify the path toward future implementation The three sites operate different brands and number of shuttles, different types of infrastructure and varying local conditions. The focus here was on generic lessons learned and not to understand differences between brands and operators. It is clear that further development of the AV shuttles is vital to ensure that they operate smoothly in complex traffic situations considering lane and road width, shared spaces, snow, dust, rain, leaves, birds, etc. Adapting the road infrastructure to enable the shuttles to run in the autonomous mode should be avoided, instead the shuttle development should prioritise fitting into the existing traffic environment and eco system. Mitigation areas have been identified covering: road infrastructure, weather dependant operation, season dependent operation, improvement of localisation, digital infrastructure, design and working conditions, and citizens’ user experience.
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| 3. |
- Cats, Oded, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the spatial properties of individual mobility patterns using longitudinal travel data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0917. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis of longitudinal travel data enables investigating how mobility patterns vary across the population and identify the spatial properties thereof. The objective of this study is to identify the extent to which users explore different parts of the network as well as identify distinctive user groups in terms of the spatial extent of their mobility patterns. To this end, we propose two means for representing spatial mobility profiles and clustering travellers accordingly. We represent users patterns in terms of zonal visiting frequency profiles and grid-cells spatial extent heatmaps. We apply the proposed analysis to a large-scale multi-modal mobility dataset from the public transport system in Stockholm, Sweden. We unravel three clusters - Locals, Commuters and Explorers - that best describe the zonal visiting frequency and show that their composition varies considerably across users’ place of residence. We also identify 15 clusters of visiting spatial extent based on the intensity and direction in which they are oriented. A cross-analysis of the results of the two clustering methods reveals that user segmentation based on exploration patterns and spatial extent are largely independent, indicating that the two different clustering approaches provide fundamentally different insights into the underlying spatial properties of individuals’ mobility patterns. The approach proposed and demonstrated in this study could be applied for any longitudinal individual travel demand data.
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| 4. |
- Jabbari, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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The Pedestrian Network Concept : A Systematic Literature Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier. - 2667-0917. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of urban spaces that foster sustainable practices requires new analytical and structural approaches to spatial planning. An appropriate pedestrian network could significantly contribute to sustainable urban development goals, particularly by promoting sustainable mobility and pedestrian friendliness. With such goals, several attempts have been made to develop suitable models for pedestrian networks. However, something that is missing from the current literature is a framework that incorporates the main findings of the various studies as an integrated concise concept of the pedestrian network. To address this knowledge gap, this paper reviews studies on pedestrian networks and evaluates this concept based on the systematic 3W1H analysis method, which asks where, what, who, and how. In essence, the following questions are thus analyzed: Where is the pedestrian network located, What criteria play a role in the pedestrian network's performance, Who uses the pedestrian network, and How can the pedestrian network be analyzed? In this context, a systematic literature review is carried out by investigating studies conducted during the period 2001 to 2023 that appear in the Scopus database. The paper presents the results of the review of a selection of 67 papers dealing with pedestrian networks. Findings show that different models have been developed based on particular characteristics. Overall, researchers aimed to identify the most suitable network based on specific criteria for optimizing the walking experience in urban areas. By synthesizing the findings reported in these papers, this paper arguably contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of pedestrian networks, provides insights into the prioritization of design phases, facilitates the use of pedestrian network assessment models for future research, and creates a bigger picture for urban planners with a multidimensional view to a new sustainable urban structure.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Kristina, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous shuttles contribution to independent mobility for children : a qualitative pilot study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier. - 2667-0917. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children's mobility and the opportunity to get around the city on their own has decreased and is today limited to a large extent by unsafe traffic situations. Due to their limited independent mobility, children are excluded from the urban space and its facilities. Independent mobility can be related to several dimensions of children's social, physical, mental and cognitive wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and in what way autonomous buses can contribute to children's independent mobility and, using children's experiences, provide insights into this before the introduction of autonomous buses in cities and public transport systems. To do so, the two research questions "How can autonomous buses in the transport system contribute to children's independent mobility?" and "What prerequisites are necessary for autonomous buses to contribute to children's independent mobility?" are answered. The survey is based on a case of introduction of autonomous buses in urban environments. Three focus groups with students in a primary school were conducted with the aim of gaining the participants' experiences. The results indicate that the introduction of autonomous buses in an urban area can contribute to children's independent mobility in several ways and that the buses have certain characteristics that enable them to be adapted to children's conditions. The low speed of the shuttles, which is often seen as an obstacle when it comes to time efficiency, has a positive effect on perceived safety in this case. The mobility solution is also child-friendly in that it is accessible in terms of trip planning and payment. However, it is important to consider the risk that the bus might replace active transportation modes, like cycling. To avoid this, autonomous shuttles should be integrated in a way that complement, not compete with, active travel.
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| 6. |
- Singh, Amita, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing local and global objectives for sustainable mobility in urban areas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0917. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities are growing and sustainable urban mobility planning (SUMP) is gaining in importance with it. The problems in the domain often involve multiple stakeholders with conflicting or competing objectives. The stakeholders and objectives can be local to certain neighborhoods or apply to the global city-wide scale. We present a methodology to address such problems with the help of modern simulators and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. The methodology brings all stakeholders to the table and presents to them a near optimal set of alternatives to choose from. As an example, we consider the problem of minimizing vehicular noise in a particular neighborhood while also minimizing city-wide emission for heavy vehicles. We describe the requirements and capabilities of the simulator and the optimization algorithm in detail and present a methodology to model both local (noise reduction) and global (emissions) objectives simultaneously. We apply our methodology on two large city scale case studies and present our findings.
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| 7. |
- Smeds, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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The value of street experiments for mobility and public life : Citizens’ perspectives from three European cities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0917. ; 4, s. 100055-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Street experiments’ (SE) are increasingly used to reallocate street space from traffic to space for people through temporary interventions. Existing research suggests that SE can mobilise the public in favour of post-car transitions and focuses on evaluating SE from an upscaling, public acceptability, or practitioner perspective, while there are few studies that explore what citizens value about SE in the context of everyday street life in an open-ended way. To fill this gap, this paper analyses how N = 458 citizens value five SE parklets and plazas in three neighbourhoods of London, Munich, and Bologna. We develop a primarily inductive and qualitative survey method for understanding what mobility and public life dimensions of SE that citizens value, considering both use value and the broader social meanings of street transformations. Based on empirical analysis, we develop a framework for analysing the value of SE with 10 categories spanning functional, social, safety, environmental and economic dimensions. The findings show that across all three European cities, the majority of citizens value the public life dimensions of SE more highly than SE benefits for active mobility: including the added value of SE for the attractiveness of the streetscape, making public space available for stationary activities, and creating opportunities for social and civic interaction within neighbourhoods. Our analytical approach can be used to understand citizens’ qualitative evaluations of SE, while our practitioner recommendations can help inform the design of more effective and inclusive SE interventions.
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| 8. |
- Zhao, Xiaoyun, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Potential values of maas impacts in future scenarios
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0917. ; 1, s. 100005-100005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is considered a strategy that can provide potential solutions for a sustainable transport system. The current literature claims that MaaS can deliver net positive impacts for the transport system. However, whether these impacts are marginal or significant is unclear, as estimations typically are based on a few pilot tests. The lack of understanding of these impacts could create barriers for decision-making on policy and regulation in adopting MaaS strategy. The paper proposes a feasible evaluation to explore how and to what extent MaaS leads to, for example, reduced emissions, reduced fossil energy consumption, reduced car ownership and vehicle kilometres travelled on a large scale. The aim of this paper is to provide potential values of MaaS impacts based on analysis of future scenarios. The potential values of MaaS impacts can be used to support decision-making within both public organisations and among service developers for MaaS implementation and development.
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