| 1. |
- Cohen, Jonathan Edgardo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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An entity-relationship model of the flow of waste and resources in city-regions: Improving knowledge management for the circular economy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-3789. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste and resources management is one of the domains where urban and regional planning can transition towards a Circular Economy, thus slowing environmental degradation. Improving waste and resources management in cities requires an adequate understanding of multiple systems and how they interact. New technologies contribute to improve waste management and resource efficiency, but knowledge silos hinder the possibility of delivering sound holistic solutions. Furthermore, lack of compatibility between data formats and diverse definitions of the same concept reduces information exchange across different urban domains. This paper addresses the challenge of organising and standardising information about waste and resources management in city regions. Given the amount and variety of data constantly captured, data models and standards are a crucial element of Industry 4.0. The paper proposes an Entity-Relationship Model to harmonise definitions and integrate information on waste and resources management. Furthermore, it helps to formalise the components of the system and their relationships. Semi-structured interviews with government officials, mobile app developers and academics provided insights into the specific system and endorsed the model. Finally, the paper illustrates the translation of the ERM into a relational database schema and instantiates Waste Management and industrial Symbiosis cases in Buenos Aires (ARG) and Helsingborg (SWE) to validate its general applicability. The data model for the Circular Flow of Waste and Resources presented here enhances traditional waste management perspectives by introducing Circular Economy strategies and spatial variables in the model. Thus, this research represents a step towards unlocking the true potential of Industry 4.0.
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| 2. |
- Fagerholm, Anna-Sara, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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What a Waste – A norm-critical design study on how waste is understood and managed
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation & Recycling Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-3789. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article seeks to contribute new insights into inclusive recycling environments through universal design. The aim is to develop knowledge on how waste is understood and managed by exploring the practice and design of a recycling environment. Applying a norm-critical view, this is explored in a study with participants from a municipal housing company and waste management company in northern Sweden. Methods used are go-along interviews together with professionals and observations of a recycling environment. The results are discussed as: 1) the “(un)social norm;” where our results show that the waste system is perceived as a social system, contradicting previous approaches where waste systems are treated as technical environments. 2) the “(un)design factor;” where we identify how design in a recycling context that doesn´t emphasise diversity may affect activities of sorting.
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| 3. |
- Linder, Noah, et al.
(författare)
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Managing waste behavior by manipulating the normative appeal of trash bins: Lessons from an urban field experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling Advances. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2667-3789. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Littering is a problem in many human societies. In this study, 9 individual street bins were manipulated on a central street in the city of Gävle, Sweden. The aim was to explore if changing the appearance of the bins, thereby manipulating the different types of social norms they signal, can increase the amount of trash they collect and mitigate littering. A field experiment tested the effectiveness of two alternatives to the conventional grey street bin; one bin foliated with pictures drawn by school children containing a normative anti-littering message (explicit norm), and one bright orange salient bin (implicit norm). Observed behavioral data was collected, and both the weight and volume of trash in the bins were measured each day for a period of one month. The results showed a tendency for the salient orange bin to increase trash collection compared to other bins; an effect most tangible towards the end of the weeks. The biggest effect was, however, that the explicitly normative bin reduced trash collection overall. These results provide lessons on how the appearance of bins can influence trash collection, potentially resulting in both desirable and undesirable outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Rouquette, Léa, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Intensification of lithium carbonation in the thermal treatment of spent EV Li-ion batteries via waste utilization and selective recovery by water leaching
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-3789. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recycling of lithium-ion batteries remains an essential question, the recovery of lithium is a central matter since the European Commission identified it as a critical raw material. This article proposes a more effective technology in which lithium will be recovered as lithium carbonate earlier in the recycling process using thermal pre-treatment and water leaching. Two thermal treatments are compared: incineration and pyrolysis, the whole cell (cathode, anode, current collector foils, and separator) is thermally treated in a first route, while the separator is removed, in a second route. The separator's presence showed a significant positive effect on the recovery, with an optimal recovery of 62% after pyrolysis at 700°C for 1 h and water leaching at 25°C with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:50 g/ml. Under these conditions, the solution purity was 92%, and aluminum was leached together with lithium. After evaporation, lithium carbonate and fluoride are found in the residue.
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| 5. |
- Wallin, Jörgen, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-criteria analysis of building level graywater reuse for personal hygiene
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-3789. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally an increasing number of people are facing water scarcity. To address the challenge, measures to reduce water demand are investigated in the world. In the present paper, a novel approach to reuse bathroom graywater for shower and bathroom sink hot water is investigated. The investigation focuses on water and energy savings, water treatment, economic benefit and investigates the main actors and institutions that are involved. The main results are that there is significant potential for water and energy savings with a positive economic benefit. Water savings of domestic hot water up to 91 % and energy savings up to 55 % were observed. The investigated treatment plant produces recycled graywater with a quality close to drinking water standards. The investigation also presents that the reason for the positive economic benefit will depend on the utility tariffs. Therefore, two locations with different utility rate structures were investigated, Gothenburg, Sweden and Settle, USA. In Gothenburg, the utility cost for energy was the driver of economic benefit and in Seattle it was the water and wastewater cost that was the driver. The return of investment for the system and installation was shown to be 3.7 years in Gothenburg and 2.4 years in Seattle.
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| 6. |
- Chen, D., et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence enabled Digital Twins for training autonomous cars
- 2022
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Ingår i: Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems. - : KeAi Communications Co.. - 2667-3452. ; 2, s. 31-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This exploration is aimed at the system prediction and safety performance of the Digital Twins (DTs) of autonomous cars based on artificial intelligence technology, and the intelligent development of transportation in the smart city. On the one hand, considering the problem of safe driving of autonomous cars in intelligent transportation systems, it is essential to ensure the transmission safety of vehicle data and realize the load balancing scheduling of data transmission resources. On the other hand, convolution neural network (CNN) of the deep learning algorithm is adopted and improved, and then, the DTs technology is introduced. Finally, an autonomous cars DTs prediction model based on network load balancing and spatial-temporal graph convolution network is constructed. Moreover, through simulation, the performance of this model is analyzed from perspectives of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score. The experimental results demonstrate that in comparative analysis, the accuracy of road network prediction of the model reported here is 92.70%, which is at least 2.92% higher than that of the models proposed by other scholars. Through the analysis of the security performance of network data transmission, it is found that this model achieves a lower average delay time than other comparative models. Besides, the message delivery rate is basically stable at 80%, and the message leakage rate is basically stable at about 10%. Therefore, the prediction model for autonomous cars constructed here not only ensures low delay but also has excellent network security performance, so that information can interact more efficiently. The research outcome can provide an experimental basis for intelligent development and safety performance improvement in the transportation field of smart cities. © 2022 The Authors
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