| 1. |
- Thesken, J.C., et al.
(författare)
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Application Of A Moving Variable Order Singular Element To Dynamic Fracture-Mechanics.
- 1991
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fracture. - 0376-9429 .- 1573-2673. ; 52:1, s. 47-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An elasto-dynamic moving element formulation incorporating a variable order singular element to enhance the local crack tip description is presented. The moving mesh zone is embedded in a finite global mesh providing a functional tool for the analysis of dynamic crack growth experiments. In the following, the necessary numerical techniques are developed and tested using problems possessing analytical solutions. The promising results reported here motivate further work to include viscoplastic material behavior in the formulation.
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| 2. |
- Östlund, Sören, 1961-
(författare)
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Large scale yielding for dynamic crack growth in a strip geometry
- 1991
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fracture. - : Springer. - 0376-9429 .- 1573-2673. ; 49:3, s. 219-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic crack growth in a strip geometry has been studied by a convective formulation of the finite element method. The strip is assumed to be made of a material described by an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equation and the loading conditions are plane strain mode I. The plastic strain-rates are characterized by a power-law overstress model giving an asymptotic elastic singularity at the crack tip. Two different types of loading on the strip geometry have been investigated. In the first geometry the horizontal boundaries parallel to the crack plane were subjected to prescribed displacements perpendicular to the crack plane and the crack tip was loaded in essentially the same way as for a crack in a plate subjected to tensile loading perpendicular to the crack. The second type of loading consisted of a prescribed rotation of the trailing edge in the moving finite element mesh. This created primarily bending loading of the structure.The crack tip energy flow has been calculated for different levels of yielding around the crack tip. The results are compared to the true small scale yielding solution obtained from a boundary layer analysis.The results reported indicate that for the tensile loading there exists a rather wide range of load levels for which the boundary layer solution gives a good description of the fields around the crack tip. For the bending loading the results indicate that the boundary layer solution is a correct description only in cases of extremely small scale yielding. Comparisons between large scale yielding and the boundary layer solution are also made for the effective stress and the effective plastic strain.
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| 3. |
- Gérard, Maxence, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience of bumblebee foraging behavior despite colony size reduction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in insect science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-8600. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foraging behavior is driven by diverse factors, notably life history traits. Foraging strategies are particularly complex among eusocial species such as bumblebees, because they depend primarily on the needs of the colony, rather than on individual's needs. Colony size, i.e. the number of workers in a colony vary a lot among eusocial insects. While a large colony can be adaptive, several drivers can strongly decrease colony size, like pesticides or high temperatures. In this study, we used the bumblebee Bombus terrestris to assess if workers adapted their foraging behavior to such rapid decreases in colony size. We conducted the foraging experiments with two plant species commonly used by bumblebees: Borago officinalis and Echium plantagineum. Several foraging parameters were measured: foraging time, number of foraging trips, number of workers foraging, handling time and visiting rate. Despite a drastic reduction in colony size, nearly all the foraging behavior parameters were unaffected by the colony size reduction. Colonies that were subject to a large decrease in workers instead displayed high resilience and behavioral plasticity by quickly increasing the proportion of foragers. Ultimately, further research should assess if this consistency in foraging behavior also allows bumblebee colonies to maintain both the efficiency of the resources collection and pollination.
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| 4. |
- De Brandt, Jana, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: Women in science: Pulmonary rehabilitation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-6861. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide, less than 30% of the workforce in research and development are women (1). Within the field of healthcare, however, female representation (74%) has made substantial gains (2). This is in line with data (2021) from the European Respiratory Society (ERS), showing a higher number of female members (69%) in comparison to male members within the "Allied Respiratory Professionals" Assembly, including amongst others lung function technologist, physiotherapists, nurses and psychologists. This is also visible in the Assembly's early career member category (less than 40 years of age), where women (68%) are also more represented. This increasing representativeness of the female gender is also seen in leadership roles, as five out of 10 (50%) most influenceable researchers (based on the number of publications in the last decade) in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) are female (3). The current topic on “Women in Science: Pulmonary Rehabilitation” celebrates the increasing representativeness and leadership of females in this research area. It intends to provide a stage for researchers who identify as a woman to present their research within the field of PR. In this topic collection, published research is clustered in two areas that can be considered hot topics in the latest years, namely regarding the settings where PR can be delivered and its role in the treatment of symptoms and extrapulmonary features.
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| 5. |
- Debnath, Kumar Biswajit, et al.
(författare)
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A Mixed-Methods Approach for Evaluating the Influence of Residential Practices for Thermal Comfort on Electricity Consumption in Auroville, India
- 2024
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Ingår i: Electricity. - 2673-4826. ; 5:1, s. 112-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With rapid global economic growth and a rise in disposable household income, particularly within a progressively warming planet, the escalating demand for energy to achieve thermal comfort has become a salient concern in the Global South, notably in emerging economies like India. This burgeoning need for cooling solutions has not only underscored the vital role of energy consumption but has also accentuated the imperative of comprehending the ensuing implications for electricity policy and strategic planning, particularly within the ambit of the Global South. This study explored the nuanced landscape of active cooling within an intentional community, Auroville, in southern India, aiming to discern the factors underpinning household preferences and practices in the pursuit of thermal comfort. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study contributed empirically and methodologically to the interdisciplinary discourse by analysing residential electricity consumption patterns and cooling practices within selected households in the specified community. The study unfolded in three methodological stages: firstly, an analysis of climatic data coupled with an environmental stress index (ESI) assessment; secondly, the monitoring of end-user electricity consumption followed by rigorous data analysis; and lastly, the utilisation of qualitative in-depth interviews and observational techniques. This study’s outcome yielded empirical insights into the unprecedented shifts in the ESI for Auroville since 2014. Furthermore, the study unravelled the intricate complexities inherent in occupant behaviour within residential structures, thereby offering valuable insights into the practices that shape householders’ cooling preferences. This research enriched the understanding of the dynamics of energy consumption in the pursuit of thermal comfort and contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable development and energy policy in the context of climate change.
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| 6. |
- Abdelrahman, Islam, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Pros and Cons of Early and Late Skin Grafting in Children with Burns : Evaluation of Common Concepts
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Burn Journal. - : MDPI. - 2673-1991. ; 3:1, s. 180-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is no consensus regarding the timing of surgery in children with smaller burn size, specifically in deep dermal burns. Delayed surgery has risks in terms of infection and delayed wound healing. Early surgery also risks the removal of potentially viable tissue. Our aim was to investigate the effect of the timing of surgical intervention on the size of the area operated on and the time to wound healing. Methods: A retrospective analysis for all children (<18 years) with burn size <20% body surface area (BSA%) during 2009–2020 who were operated on with a split-thickness skin graft. The patients were grouped by the timing of the first skin graft operation: early = operated on within 14 days of injury; delayed = operated on more than two weeks after injury. Results: A total of 84 patients were included in the study, 43 who had an early operation and 41 who had a delayed operation. There were no differences between the groups regarding burn size, or whether the burns were superficial or deep. The mean duration of healing time was seven days longer in the group with delayed operation (p = 0.001). The area operated on was somewhat larger (not significantly so) in the group who had early operation. Nine children had two skin graft operations, eight in the early group and one in the delayed group (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The patients who were operated on early had the advantage of a shorter healing time, but there was a higher rate of complementary operations and a tendency towards a larger burn excision.
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| 7. |
- Dimander, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Two Modified Questionnaires for the Assessment of Nutrition Impact Symptoms in the Rehabilitation Phase after Burn Injury : A Content Validation Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Burn Journal. - : MDPI. - 2673-1991. ; 3:1, s. 156-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disease Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ) and Eating Symptom Questionnaire(ESQ) are used to assess nutrition impact symptoms, which are symptoms that can negatively affectthe patients’ food intake. However, these questionnaires have not yet been adapted to the needsof patients recovering from burn injuries. Our aim was therefore to develop DRAQ and ESQ forassessments of nutrition impact symptoms after burn injury. A content validation index (I-CVI) foritems included in DRAQ and ESQ, regarding their relevance for possible nutrition impact symptomsin a burn-injured patient (Likert scale 1–4), was performed by an expert review group. A clarityvalidation by expert and non-expert reviewers was carried out. Two of the eleven questions inDRAQ and eight of the fourteen questions in ESQ were not considered relevant and were thereforeremoved from the questionnaires. Five additional questions were added to DRAQ and two to ESQ.A high degree of consensus on relevance (scale-content validity index average, S-CVI/Ave, 0.86 forDRAQ-burn and 0.83 for ESQ-burn) was reached in the expert group. To conclude, it is suggestedthat we use developed forms of DRAQ and ESQ (DRAQ-burn and ESQ-burn) for the assessment ofnutrition impact symptoms, specifically during the rehabilitation phase of burn-injured patients.
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| 8. |
- Enblom, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life, Subjective Scar Estimation, and Activity Performance in Adult Burn Patients 6 and 12 Months after Injury
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Burn Journal. - : MDPI. - 2673-1991. ; 3:4, s. 486-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A burn injury affects a person’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in different ways and might influence their daily life for months and years afterward. The aim of this study was to examine how activity performance and subjective scar estimation relate to self-rated health and whether this changes in the first year post-burn. Fifty consecutive patients who were scheduled for follow-up at the Burn Center’s outpatient clinic in Uppsala were included. Assessments of HRQoL (EQ-5D), activity performance (DASH), and subjective scar evaluation (POSAS) were conducted at 6 and 12 months post-burn. The results show a statistically significant correlation between self-rated HRQoL and activity performance (p = 0.001) and between self-rated HRQoL and subjective scar estimation (p = 0.000) at 6 but not at 12 months post-burn. A possible explanation of the lack of correlation at one year post-burn might be the patient´s expectations of his or her recovery. In future research, it would be interesting to investigate the long-term correlations between quality of life and activity performance.
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| 9. |
- Moura, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Burns: A Brazilian Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Burn Journal. - : MDPI. - 2673-1991. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the strategies chosen to contain the spread, such as social isolation and use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer, were suspected to increase the risk of domestic accidents, especially burns. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate possible differences in epidemiological trends among burned patients admitted to the main referral hospital of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, before and during the pandemic. Methods: All categories of new burns admitted at the Burn Unit of the Joao XXIII Hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The study group consisted of burn patients admitted between 1 March and 31 December 2020, and the control group consisted of those admitted between 1 March and 31 December 2019. The population was analyzed descriptively, and differences between patients admitted before and during the pandemic were tested using t-test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test, the Chi-Squared test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Results: During the study period, 914 patients were admitted at the burns unit, 535 before the pandemic (control group) and 379 during the pandemic (study group). During the pandemic, referral from other hospitals decreased, while time between injury and admission remained unchanged. TBSA% and LOS diminished, while the depth of burns, presence of inhalation injuries, and in-hospital mortality did not. In adults, the place and mechanism of injury changed during the pandemic, while in children they did not. Conclusion: Fewer patients with burns were referred for specialized burn care during the pandemic, although patients admitted for specialized burn care had smaller TBSA% and shorter LOS.
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| 10. |
- Wallenbeck, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Brief research report: the evolution of animal welfare legislation for pigs in 13 EU member states, 1991-2020
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in animal science. - 2673-6225. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This brief report characterizes and maps changes in six key aspects of pig animal welfare (AW) legislation in 13 countries in the European Union (EU) during the period 1991-2020, focusing primarily on aspects of AW likely to impact the economic performance and international competitiveness of the pig production sector. National AW legislation in the selected EU member states that exceed the EU minimum levels within the six selected key areas are also mapped. Analysis of changes in AW over time, using legislative texts, academic literature, and an expert survey, revealed that AW-legislation at the national level has generally become more stringent, in line with EU directives, and that a number of member states have introduced additional AW legislation that exceed EU minimum levels. This review helps to uncover historical changes in and can form the basis for further research investigating effects of changes in AW legislation.
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