| 1. |
- Mwamlima, Petro, et al.
(författare)
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Potential use of faecal sludge derived char briquettes as an alternative cooking energy source in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- 2023
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Ingår i: Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances. - 2773-0492. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coprophobia considers faecal sludge (FS) as an unpleasing raw or partially digested faecal waste with no recycling value. However, this so-called waste is claimed to have tremendous recycling values after being pyrolyzed. This study hypothesised that char briquettes made from FS might have the potential of replacing charcoal consumption in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Quantitative methods were used to examine the proximate, emissions and environmental benefits of faecal sludge char briquettes against wood charcoal from Dalbergia melanoxylon (locally known as Mpingo). Results revealed that FS collected during the dry season was thicker (26% total solids) than that during the rainy season (20% total solids), the difference is statistically significant with p= 6.12405E-14 at α=0.05. The dewatered and further dried FS to at least 90% total solids had an energy value of 11 - 12 MJ/kg which is less than that of uncarbonized wood (firewood) which is 19 MJ/kg. Production of FS char briquettes bonded by paper waste has a lower energy value (13 MJ/kg) than that bonded by cassava starch (14.6 MJ/kg). The average energy value of FS char briquettes is almost half that of wood charcoal (26 MJ/kg), meaning that to replace 1 kg of charcoal consumption, then 2 kg of FS char briquettes is required. Nevertheless, due to an ineffective collection of FS to be used in the production of char briquettes, only 8% of charcoal consumption in the city can be replaced. The produced briquettes are recommended to be used in open kitchens where there is plenty of oxygen circulation because they emit carbon monoxide that is higher than the allowable limits by the Tanzania Bureau of Standards.
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| 2. |
- Zhao, Yuxuan, et al.
(författare)
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The CHECH study : A prospective pregnancy cohort study on CHemical exposure and children’s health in Tianjin, China
- 2024
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Ingår i: Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances. - : Elsevier. - 2773-0492. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CHemical Exposure and Children’s Health (CHECH) study is an ongoing pregnancy cohort study in Tianjin, China. This paper describes the background, aim and the study design, which can be followed by future researchers to design and conduct similar studies. The abundance and the potential adverse health outcomes of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is concerning. More notably, developing fetuses and infants are more vulnerable to EDCs exposure. The CHECH study aims to investigate the importance of early life exposure to multiple EDCs (phthalates and their metabolites, bisphenol A and their substitutes, perfluorinated compounds and poly brominated diphenyl ethers) for multiple health outcomes in Chinese children, namely sexual development, neurodevelopment, metabolism and growth, as well as asthma and allergy. A total of 2238 pregnant women were recruited in Tianjin from May 2017 to April 2021 with a response rate of 90 %. Among these women, 2255 children were born with available information, including 47 pairs of twins. Urine samples were collected from pregnant women and children, while air and dust samples were obtained from the home environment during pregnancy and infancy periods. Information on children’s health was gathered through physical examinations and questionnaires. The CHECH study, which collected exposure information and health outcomes at multiple time points, will contribute to the understanding of prenatal exposure to EDCs and their impact on children’s health, thereby facilitating the development of risk assessments aimed at reducing exposure and associated health risks.
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