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| 2. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating Scheduling Work Practice with Activity Analysis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 34th Annual Congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society. - 9173734446
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding practice of planning and scheduling is of interest as skill and performance of production schedulers have been identified as important for a company to achieve high productivity and flexibility. However, practice is not easily studied. The objective of this paper is to describe and assess the use of activity analysis as a method for studying the practice of production scheduling. Work activities of schedulers in four wood-working companies were investigated with activity analysis, which is based on analyses of work activities carried out in real work situations. Data collection included interviews with the schedulers and other employees concerning the scheduling task and the work context. Thereafter, each scheduler’s work was observed during five entire days. In the analyses, the observed work activities were described and categorized including time and spatial distribution, own initiatives to activities, interruptions, and relationships with others. Activity analysis was found to be a useful method for analyzing scheduling work. It provided rich data of the work content, sub-tasks, aids used etc, which could be used as an instrument to grasp cognitive aspects of work. Furthermore, activity analysis was easily applicable.
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| 5. |
- Karltun, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Schedulers’ work activities and decision making influencing working conditions of other employees
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 34th Annual Congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society. - 9173734446 ; , s. 435-440
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The coordination character of production scheduling gives schedulers strong links to other people in the organization such as production management and sales- and marketing personnel. Schedulers and the way scheduling is performed may thus have a direct influence on the working conditions for a large number of employees. The objective of this paper is therefore to investigate the links between how schedulers perform their work and the working conditions of other employees. Activity analysis, including observations and interviews was used to study schedulers’ influence in four woodworking companies. The results showed that the most important factor for other employees was the feasibility of the schedule related to their own tasks. Schedulers were to a large extent expected to know the certain and sometimes temporal difficulties related to each departments’ technology and manning, and to consider those when making the schedule. By doing so the scheduler indirectly influenced the workload and the capacity of the whole system. Furthermore, the employees perceived that they were able to influence the schedule when they were in difficulties. The main conclusion is that the schedulers’ roles as system facilitators dominate their influence on the working conditions in the companies studied.
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| 7. |
- Nakata, Minori, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of workload in ambulance personnel - A preliminary study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Humans in a Complex Environment. - 9173734438
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Musculotendinous tenderness was evaluated in ambulance personnel, and their working load was studied by means of biomechanical analysis of the standard loading and unloading the `stretcher+patient' in and from the vehicle. Swedish and Japanese subjects were tested. The medical examination demonstrated increased tenderness of selected muscles active in work related movement tasks, as well as in spinous processes in both populations. However, a number ofparticular tests suggested higher Ievel of tenderness in the Swedish, as compared with the Japanese personnel. Biomechanical analysis of working tasks demonstrated similar forces, but higher LS-SI, hip and shoulder torques acting in Swedish personnel. This difference appears to be caused by the differences in stretcher construction. Specifically, the Swedish stretcher requires separate lifting of each stretcher side starting from a squat body position, while the Japanese system requires only pushing the stretcher in and pulling it out from the vehicle. We conclude that differences in working technique imposed by available working equipment could contribute to the observed differences in muscle tenderness especially around the shoulders between the two tested populations. However, further studies are needed to elaborate working load and muscle activity while performing standard tasks of ambulance personnel, as well as to explore other possible causes of increased musculotendinous tenderness. Keywords: Ambulance, Muculoskeletal disorders, Muscle tenderness, Spinous process, Biomechanical analyses
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| 8. |
- Sjöberg, Hans, 1967
(författare)
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A Short introduction to Computer Manikins
- 2002
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Ingår i: Humans in a Complex Environment, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Congress of the Nordic Ergonomics society. - 9173734446 ; 2, s. 701-705
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Skåmedal, Jo
(författare)
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A conceptual model of the travel implications of telecommuting
- 2002
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Ingår i: Humans in a complex environment : proceedings of the 34th annual congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society. - 9173734446
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research field of telecommuting and its travel implications has been studied for more than 30 years. The research field's questions have methodologically been studied deductively, speculatively and inductively. The research has been able to confirm the existence of a number of different travel relations, but a firm foundation that connects and describes the various travel effects interrelations has not been made, which is what this articles aims to do: to contextually describe and discuss how telecommuting affects various trips and travel patterns and present a conceptual model hereof. The method used has been theoretically deductive and empirically inductive. The result is a model of four contextually and indirectly affecting travel categories and three directly affecting travel categories. These seven categories and their inbound travel variables are desribed, as is their reciprocal relations and, in the end, the travel outcome.
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| 10. |
- Sundin, Anders, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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How Are Computer Manikins Used In Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Humans in a Complex Environment, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Congress of the Nordic Ergonomics society. - 9173734446 ; 2, s. 745-750
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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