| 1. |
- Dahlgren, Peter
(författare)
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Mass Media : Introduction and Schools of Thought
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. - 9780080970868 - 9780080970875 ; , s. 726-732
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After a brief discussion on the varying nomenclature applied to the field, this article discusses the two basic orientations: academic and applied. From there, the discussion takes up the sprawling character of the field, underscoring that the field can be conceptually organized in a variety of ways. The main part of the discussion consists of a presentation of four major schools of thought. These are defined as: (1) the mainstream perspective, which derives from the postwar US social sciences; (2) the critical tradition, which comprises several different strands; (3) the culturalist approach, which also blends elements from various intellectual sources; and (4) policy horizons, which deals with central issues such as ownership structures, financing and regulation. The article concludes with brief reflections on possible future developments of the field.
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| 2. |
- Gherardi, Silvia
(författare)
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Learning : Organizational
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 9780080970875 - 9780080970868 ; , s. 695-698
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organizational learning is a relatively recent metaphor for the organization that matches two concepts - learning and organization - and enables exploration of the organization as if it were endowed with a stock of knowledge, skills, and expertise. A short history of the concept will illustrate its development in organization studies. During the 2000s, not only did attention to processes and temporality increase, but also an epistemology of becoming appeared where the boundaries between learning and knowing, order and disorder, organization and organizing became conflated. Knowing took the place of knowledge, and instead of considering knowledge as an object or a resource, the concept of knowing makes it possible to see it as a collective knowledgeable doing that is situated in working practices.
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| 3. |
- Hermerén, Göran
(författare)
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Risk Screening, Testing, and Diagnosis : Ethical Aspects
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. - 9780080970868 - 9780080970875 ; , s. 698-705
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After an initial clarification of the notion of the risk, a brief discussion of the distinction between testing and screening, and of the difficulties of defining genetic information in a precise way follows an overview of public concerns raised by genetic testing and screening. Next section reviews various types of ethical issues in this context. The challenges are not the same for all types and purposes of such methods. The following sections therefore discuss issues raised by preimplantation diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, prenatal and neonatal screening, presymptomatic testing, testing at the workplace and forensic uses of genetic tests. Finally some future concerns are outlined briefly.
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| 4. |
- Löfgren, Orvar
(författare)
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Everyday Life, Anthropology of
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. - 9780080970868 - 9780080970875 ; , s. 323-326
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of everyday life is an interdisciplinary field that stands for a special interest in the commonplace and the seemingly trivial routines and activities of daily life as well as a focus on ordinary people as creative actors rather than passive consumers or objects of domination. Like few other similar concepts, the study of everyday life has been used not only as a research perspective or analytical tool but also as a research ideology. The study of everyday life developed in the postwar period as an alternative to, or critique of, mainstream traditions in the social sciences, often with a focus on anthropological, ethnographic, and qualitative approaches.
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| 5. |
- Sellerberg, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Fashion, Sociology of
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition. - 9780080970868 - 9780080970875 ; , s. 835-839
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fashion is a social phenomenon par excellence. A simple sociological definition of fashion is 'being first with the latest.' Its underlying principle is revealed in the link between the modus derivatives and the term 'modern,' with its original meaning of 'now' or 'for today.' Fashion revolves around imitation and diffusion, and it applies to all domains of social life, though most of the research is on garments. The field of fashion has been neglected, but since the mid-1990s, it has attracted sociologists studying production of fashion, identity, and the body in relation to fashion. What is lacking is theory development.
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| 6. |
- Stade, Ronald
(författare)
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Diffusion : Anthropological Aspects (revised and expanded)
- 2015. - Second
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780080970868 - 9780080970875 ; , s. 402-405
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study phenomena like communication, migration, epidemics, and trade is to study diffusion. In social and cultural anthropology, the systematic study of cultural diffusion emerged in contradistinction to speculations about humanity’s cultural evolution from primitive origins to a state of civilization. The research of diffusion has been a constant in anthropology ever since, although the designations for the topics of this research have shifted. This article presents key topics in the anthropological study of cultural diffusion, including acculturation, world system, globalization, and the social life of things.
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| 7. |
- Aronsson, Karin
(författare)
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Narrative, sociology of
- 2015. - 2
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 9780080970875 ; , s. 218-222
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review explores work on narratives, focusing on discursive or conversational approaches to narratives as social action. In contrast to analyses of narrative structure, a focus on narration also involves the conversational work of narrators and their co-participants. In institutional contexts, narratives-in-interaction invoke two types of identities, the selves of the narrators, on the one hand, and storyteller positions, on the other, including participation frameworks and the affective and epistemic stances of participants who engage in specific types of actions, such as confessing, complaining, formulating accusations or mobilizing justifications or other defensive accounts.
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| 8. |
- Corvellec, Hervé, et al.
(författare)
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Narrative Approaches to Organizations
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). - 9780080970875 ; , s. 194-197
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article presents an overview of the narratives in and about organizations. It is structured as follows. The first section introduces the idea that organizational members are Homo Narrans or storytelling beings; the second section describes the tenets of narrative enquiry in organizational settings; and the third section discusses the pros and cons of storytelling, which is the systematic use of narratives to manage people.
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| 9. |
- Dahl, Östen, 1945-
(författare)
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Tense, aspect, mood, and evidentiality, linguistics of
- 2015. - 2 uppl.
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Ingår i: International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780080970868 ; , s. 210-213
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Eastmond, Marita, 1947
(författare)
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Refugees in Anthropology, 2nd ed
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Encyclopedia of Social & Behavioral Sciences 2nd Edition James D. Wright, Editor-in-Chief. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780080970868
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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