| 1. |
- Ibáñez-Fonseca, Arturo, et al.
(författare)
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Biomaterials for in vitro models in lung research
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3D Lung Models for Regenerating Lung Tissue. - 9780323908719 - 9780323908726 ; , s. 91-107
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we introduce biomaterials science to a nonexpert reader in order to provide new perspectives for the development of in vitro three-dimensional models that are relevant in lung research. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive description of key concepts in the fields of biomaterials science and lung research to explain how merging them can give rise to new models of lung biology and disease that prevent overuse of animal models while making it possible to do tests in human lung cells and tissue. Along with the different examples of lung models reviewed here, we answer questions that can help a researcher in the lung field to understand the studies: what biomaterial, why this biomaterial, and how it has been used. Moreover, we discuss important findings and breakthroughs that have been made in the lung field with the use of biomaterials, and we comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches.
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| 2. |
- Malakpour-Permlid, Atena, et al.
(författare)
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Two-dimensional cell culturing on glass and plastic : the past, the present, and the future
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3D Lung Models for Regenerating Lung Tissue. - 9780323908719 - 9780323908726 ; , s. 21-35
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) cell culturing implies the cultivation of cells, isolated from an organism, to permit growth in 2D. Two-dimensional tissue culture surfaces are made of different kinds of glass and plastics with various degrees of hydrophilicity. The hydrophilicity is determined by the surface chemistry, which determines the adsorption of proteins required for cell attachment. Cellular physiology is highly affected by the surface chemistry due to the preadsorption of proteins. The relevance of 2D cell culturing must be considered in the context of how the cells grow in the organism. The use of 2D cell culturing for cancer cells is questionable, since a tumor is a disorganized three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, epithelial cells grow in 2D although on a highly folded 2D basement membrane, which is supported by a 3D environment. To increase reproducibility of all cell culturing, standardization of surfaces and medium composition is required.
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| 3. |
- Malmström, Anders
(författare)
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The importance of lung microenvironment
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3D Lung Models for Regenerating Lung Tissue. - 9780323908719 - 9780323908726 ; , s. 37-48
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A microenvironment is an area with a specific composition of mainly extracellular matrix (ECM) components surrounding the cells. The tight interactions between matrix molecules and cells are very important, and it is now well known that the ECM components direct cell activity and function and regulate remodeling processes during both homeostasis and pathological conditions. The lung is a very complex organ that is composed of several different tissue regions, including bronchial tissue, vascular tissue, alveolar tissue, and interstitial tissue, and each region has its own specific microenvironment. These microenvironments differ in matrix composition, cell types, and organization. A well-organized interplay in and between the microenvironments is crucial for proper lung function. In this chapter, we will present an overall discussion of the major components of the lung microenvironments with a specific focus on normal lung tissue regarding ECM macromolecules and matrix-producing cells.
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| 4. |
- Tas, Sinem, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced manufacturing: three-dimensional printing and bioprinting of models of lung and airways
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3D Lung Models for Regenerating Lung Tissue. - 9780323908726 - 9780323908719 ; , s. 171-195
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in materials science coupled with advanced manufacturing techniques have opened up new possibilities for generating sophisticated models of lung and airways containing cells. These models can be used for studying normal tissue homeostasis as well as for modeling lung development, disease, and regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a leading advanced manufacturing technique for generating models as well as producing clinically relevant constructs. In fact, 3D-printed, cell-free support structures have already been used clinically in a few case reports for airways. While 3D bioprinting is poised to play a major role in both preclinical and clinical science, only a few constructs containing cells have been made to date. Preclinical models of 3D-bioprinted tracheas containing cells show promise, but there is a paucity of reports for distal lung, owing to a lack of bioinks. This chapter discusses the use of advanced manufacturing to bioengineer 3D constructs for lung and airways.
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| 5. |
- Westergren-Thorsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3D Lung Models for Regenerating Lung Tissue. - 9780323908719 - 9780323908726
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Wasserstrom, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Model visualization : from micro to macro
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3D lung models for regenerating lung tissue. - 9780323908719 ; , s. 207-221
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of increasing demand, rapid development of in vitro and in vivo models to be used to study lung regeneration and lung repair has occurred during the last years. Even if imaging has always been an important tool in diagnosing disease and validating models, the current disease models, including three-dimensional (3D) lung models, put a higher demand on advanced imaging techniques. Moreover, choosing the most relevant technique for a specific question is not a trivial task, and the rapid development of new techniques has not made this task easier. Therefore the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of different advanced imaging techniques that can be used to evaluate and validate 3D lung models, to provide a discussion on the current state of the art, and to list the pros and cons of the available techniques.
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| 7. |
- Westergren-Thorsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and opportunities for regenerating lung tissue using three-dimensional lung models
- 2022
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Ingår i: 3D lung models for regenerating lung tissue. - 9780323908719 ; , s. 239-241
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung transplantation is currently the only option for patients with end-stage respiratory diseases, but owing to various complications and adverse effects of the treatment in combination with the increasing demand for and limited access to donor organs, new strategies are needed. Recent advances in materials science, culture techniques, cell-phenotyping and isolation techniques, bioreactor engineering, and imaging techniques have opened up new possibilities for generating advanced three-dimensional lung models. The lung is a complex organ to rebuild, consisting of more than 40 different cell types working together to create a functional unit that allows for proper gas exchange and protection against the external environment. However, it is well known that the cells do not work alone. It was long thought that the only function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) was to provide the organ and cells with structural support, but we now know that the ECM plays a much more vital role. Despite this knowledge, the majority of studies are still performed by using traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures on plastic. There are, of course, occasions when 2D cultures are necessary; however, it is important to remember that essential features, including orientation, mechanical properties, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, are missing. These are important properties that will most likely affect the final results and the possibility of translating in vitro findings into in vivo models.
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