| 1. |
- Andersson, Jonas E., 1964-
(author)
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Using building requirements as a means to create inclusion : Accessibility and usability at a crossroads
- 2022. - 1
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In: Accessibility Denied. - London : Routledge. - 9780367637286 - 9780367637309 - 9781003120452 ; , s. 185-209
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter contemplates the evolution of minimum requirements for accessibility and usability in the built environment in Sweden and its relationship with the new disability policy introduced in 2017. With the development of Swedish functionalist architecture, minimum requirements were developed as complementary to a broader study conducted in the 1930s, on the fit between users and different spaces in the home, financed by a national disability organisation. Part of the welfare goals of the state, the requirements were soon integrated into the Swedish building act and implemented through a housing loan system. Following the development of the national disability policy, the requirements evolved into the concept of accessibility which regulated architectural design for housing and public buildings. With the reform to the building act, however, these requirements went from being detailed and mandatory to becoming a mandatory functional requirement which is open to interpretation. The Swedish building market has criticised the requirement as a cost-generating factor and part of the reason for the ongoing housing shortage crisis. Receptive to these claims, Swedish governments during 2014–2021 have allowed changes to the building act and appurtenant legislations which place the responsibility for realising accessibility and usability requirements into the hands of the building market. At the same time, the national disability policy has introduced universal design as the new objective for removing obstacles to the inclusion of people with disabilities.
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| 2. |
- Bagga-Gupta, Sangeeta, 1962-, et al.
(author)
-
Gatekeepers and gatekeeping : On participation and marginalisation in everyday life
- 2022
-
In: Accessibility Denied. - London : Routledge. - 9781003120452 - 9780367637286 - 9780367637309 ; , s. 90-106
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study goes beyond issues of the established binaries of medical–social or inclusion–exclusion that broadly frame disability scholarship. It uses multiscale ethnographic data to unpack and illustrate the complexities of identity through the investigation of social practices inside and outside institutional settings (schools, adult education, workplaces, health care) to understand the ‘doing of’ participation and marginalisation in situ. The study identifies gatekeeping patterns that shape (in)accessibility and illuminates prevailing assumptions regarding dis/ability, otherness, marginalisation and participation. While special arrangements and support in institutional activities are important dimensions of the everyday lives of people who are different from the norm, the handling of such special arrangements requires specific knowledge and competences to be used in appropriate ways and for specific tasks or situations. In that, we argue, lies the balancing act that people who fall outside various norms struggle with over the course of their lives.
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| 3. |
- Egard, Hanna
(author)
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Accessible enough? : Legitimising half-measures of accessibility in Swedish urban environments
- 2022. - 1
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In: Accessibility Denied. - London : Routledge. - 9780367637286 - 9780367637309 - 9781003120452 ; , s. 13-25
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter aims to contribute with an understanding of how inaccessibility is legitimised and normalised in Swedish cities even when it is tangible and well-known to the authorities. Although independent and equal access is the overarching principle of policies, regulations and conventions, city centres are full of half-measures that only grant access if staff or passers-by are able to help out. A rhetorical analysis of interviews with professionals working with accessibility shows that these half-measures are legitimised as ‘just as good’ or ‘the only way’ to improve access. Accessibility measures are further described as ‘ugly’ or ‘unthinkable’ since they are perceived as challenging the purity of design or architectural style. What is considered accessible enough is constructed in the intersection of the conflicting norms, values and principles that socio-spatially order the city. This means that accessibility is outcompeted, or downplayed inaccessibility is reproduced, and half-measures are legitimised as the only possible option. The conflicts of interests, norms, values and regulations that cut through and circumscribe barrier removal need to be acknowledged, as well as the complexities of the professionals’ work. Everyday accessibility work is not only about technical skills, economic recourses or knowledge of disabling barriers, it is also about rhetorical skills and presenting convincing arguments.
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| 4. |
- Egard, Hanna, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction : Into the fields of stubborn obstacles and lingering exclusion
- 2022
-
In: Accessibility Denied. - Oxon & New York : Routledge. - 9780367637286 - 9780367637309 - 9781003120452 ; , s. 1-10
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Accessibility today has a contradictory character. One the one hand, people with disabilities are welcomed and included, with ambitious promises in policies and declarations. On the other hand, they are still excluded in everyday practices. This volume explores this contradiction in three areas: city and transport, knowledge and education, and law, institutions and history. Sweden is the primary case, but the ambition is wider. The compilation includes studies rooted in disability studies, social work and sociology, as well as ethnology, cultural geography and gender studies, political science and law, architecture, history, anthropology and linguistics. It involves a range of theories and methods, from participant observation to historical analyses using archival data, from critical disability theory to ethnomethodology. Since resistance to accessibility today takes various forms, and transforms as society itself changes, we need to equip ourselves with a corresponding plurality and dexterity. Researchers have to be on the move, like the United Nations itself, whose 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities looks complete but requires constant monitoring to get nation-states to actualise its intentions. To study accessibility is to study exclusion and its constant drama, and in a democratic society this is highly relevant.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Kristofer
(author)
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Traveling insecurely : The association of security and accessibility in public transport
- 2022
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In: Accessibility Denied. - Oxon & New York : Routledge. - 9780367637286 - 9780367637309 - 9781003120452 ; , s. 54-67
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter analyses how security has become a central topic for public transport in Sweden and how it can be understood in relation to people with disabilities who experience insecurity when traveling by bus or train. The chapter analyses public transport using Michel Foucault’s concept of dispositif de sécurité, namely how institutions and administrative arrangements maintain and enhance a certain form of control to reduce uncertainty among those who travel. This perspective is used to better understand today’s political goal that public transport should not only be accessible by being secure, but also by being usable for all. The chapter discusses the experiences of three individuals to show how uncertainty arises in everyday situations using public transport. It argues that there is a difference when it comes to security – on one side it is a feeling in people’s everyday lives, and on the other it is a predictable and transparent perspective in a specific system. In this way, security – in relation to accessibility – is framed by transport organisations as something that people with disabilities can expect when they use public transport. At the same time, the individual experiences often only fit into the rhetoric if they are transformed into the organisations’ way of looking at security, let alone as numbers in a diagram or as programme text.
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| 6. |
- Apelmo, Elisabet, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Still waiting for the hand to be raised : On being crip killjoys at an ableist university
- 2022
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In: Accessibility Denied. - London : Routledge. - 9781003120452 - 9780367637286 ; , s. 107-122
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter is based on collaborative autoethnography about being disabled in contemporary working life. It draws from the two authors’ experiences as instructors and researchers at a Swedish university and focuses on examples of inaccessibility in everyday situations. Disabled people are underrepresented in academia and disabled academics are hindered from fully participating. We find ableist structures and practices within working life and the current neoliberal organisation, together with the individualisation of work environment problems and diffuse responsibility, as the main obstacles to accessibility. The chapter opens up a critique of hindrances to accessibility within the academic walls. It is proposed that the focus be shifted from the problematised outsider to how ableism, built on the idea of the normal worker, excludes. While waiting for the person responsible for accessibility to raise his or her hand, one way of achieving change is to become crip killjoys, and thus pay attention to injustice.
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| 7. |
- Adams Lyngbäck, Liz, et al.
(author)
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New barriers and new possibilities : Confronting language inaccessibility in and around a pandemic
- 2021
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In: Accessibility Denied. Understanding Inaccessibility and Everyday Resistance to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities. - London : Routledge. - 9781003120452 ; , s. 140-155
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter presents three cases of language inaccessibility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the concepts of linguicism, ableism and audism we will examine and discuss: (1) how ideas about ability lead to (re)-oppression, (2) when and how changes reversing language inaccessibility can come about, and (3) how oppression, once it is known, still doesn’t change practices. Ethnographic and netnographic observations of and from within activist and non-governmental groups have been employed to collect data for three cases of how the deaf, the hard-of-hearing, and people with cognitive disabilities were affected by the pandemic. The results reveal (re)formation of obstacles to education when moved online, blocked access to vital healthcare information due to institutionalised language inaccessibility and how activist, non-governmental groups and stakeholders themselves, in coalition, overcame some of the barriers through activism which taught others about their own vulnerability.
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| 8. |
- Bagga-Gupta, Sangeeta, et al.
(author)
-
Gatekeepers and gatekeeping. On participation and marginalisation in everyday life
- 2021
-
In: Accessibility Denied. Understanding Inaccessibility and Everyday Resistance to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities. - London : Routledge. - 9781003120452 ; , s. 90-106
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study goes beyond issues of the established binaries of medical–social or inclusion–exclusion that broadly frame disability scholarship. It uses multiscale ethnographic data to unpack and illustrate the complexities of identity through the investigation of social practices inside and outside institutional settings (schools, adult education, workplaces, health care) to understand the ‘doing of’ participation and marginalisation in situ. The study identifies gatekeeping patterns that shape (in)accessibility and illuminates prevailing assumptions regarding dis/ability, otherness, marginalisation and participation. While special arrangements and support in institutional activities are important dimensions of the everyday lives of people who are different from the norm, the handling of such special arrangements requires specific knowledge and competences to be used in appropriate ways and for specific tasks or situations. In that, we argue, lies the balancing act that people who fall outside various norms struggle with over the course of their lives.
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| 9. |
- Bahner, Julia, et al.
(author)
-
Access to sexuality : Disabled people's experiences of multiple barriers
- 2021
-
In: Accessibility Denied : Understanding Inaccessibility and Everyday Resistance to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities - Understanding Inaccessibility and Everyday Resistance to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities. - 9781003120452 ; , s. 123-139
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter concerns disabled people’s experiences of barriers to accessing sexuality. It draws on an analysis of materials produced in ten projects by civil society organisations, including self-advocacy organisations, sexual rights organisations and organisations working on behalf of disabled people. These materials comprise books, handbooks, videos, websites and other online materials, and are based on the lived experiences of people with intellectual disability and mobility impairments. The projects mainly focus on providing information about sexuality and relationships, sexual and gender identity issues, and experiences of disability services in relation to sexuality. The analysis identifies the following types of sexual access barriers: (1) inadequate information, (2) psycho-emotional barriers, (3) relational barriers, (4) support-related barriers, and (5) policy barriers. These barriers to sexual access are often related to general disabling barriers and ableist norms. This intersection of barriers at personal, social, organisational and policy levels greatly impacts on disabled people’s opportunities in their sexual lives specifically, and as equal citizens generally.
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| 10. |
- Svanelöv, Eric, et al.
(author)
-
It is supposed to be a home : Barriers to everyday life decisions in group homes
- 2021
-
In: Accessibility Denied. Understanding Inaccessibility and Everyday Resistance to Inclusion for Persons with Disabilities. - London : Routledge. - 9781003120452
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In a group home with several apartments along a corridor we noticed that atmidday many of the residents’ doors were open, meaning that everybody whowalks along the corridor of the group home could see into the apartments and see what the resident did. We noticed that there are many scheduled supportservices during this time and asked the staff members why the doors are open.It is because it is easier to provide support
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