| 1. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Contextual Inquiry and Requirements Shaping
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Inter-Networked World: ISD Theory, Practice, and Education. - 9780387304038 ; 1, s. 225-236
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A primary purpose of traditional systems analysis is seen as ‘capture’ or ‘elicitation’ of user requirements, in order to produce specifications as a basis for information systems design. Such a view presupposes that user requirements are pre-existing and clear, and that the particular ‘users’ concerned know what they are, and can therefore articulate them. We would argue that none of these assumptions can be taken for granted. If a system is to be created which is useful to particular individuals, we suggest that they need to take ownership and control of the analysis themselves. By exploring their own experiences, aspirations and sense-making processes in the context of their problem space, they may enable richer and more comprehensive understandings to emerge. A creative process of requirements shaping may then be promoted. Our focus, therefore, moves away from problem description by an external analyst, towards contextual inquiry, which supports creative thinking and problem re-definition by those individuals most affected. We will discuss methods which may facilitate exploration of multiple, simultaneous and dynamic roles of the same autonomous individuals, separately and collectively. Such methods may enable emergence of reflective, shifting perspectives, leading to deepened understandings of problem experiences. This approach makes it possible for resolutions to be created that address experiences, rather than descriptions, of problems.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Model Curriculum for a Bachelor of Science Program in Business Information Systems Design (BISD 2007): Organisational Impacts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Challenges in Practice, Theory and Education Vol 1 2. - 9780387304038 ; , s. 781-793
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the light of technological changes, changes in business contexts, decreased number of IS students, changes in educational systems, etc., IS education commentators have urged the IS community to develop new and alternative IS curricula. In response to this, we present a model curriculum for a Bachelor of Science program in business information systems design (BISD 2007). The curriculum has a strong design focus. Students should after completing the program have specified business information systems design capabilities; hence, the program is capabilities-driven. This chapter presents the general rationales for the program as well as the specific program design rationales. The program is presented with expected learning outcomes and how the students should be able to fulfil the outcomes. In addition, we discuss the organizational impacts of a new and innovative program.
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| 4. |
- Gustas, Remigijus, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Service-Oriented Foundation and Analysis Patterns for Conceptual Modeling of Information Systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Information Systems Development. - New York : Springer. - 9780387304038 ; , s. 249-265, s. 249-265
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Everyday companies are inventing new configurations of service architectures, which prescribe and motivate information system design. Information system architectures are intrinsically complex engineering products that can be defined on different levels of abstrac-tion and represented by using various dimensions. Designers are building them fragment by fragment but when the design is complete, then typically the business and technical compo-nents do not fit each other. The attempt to maintain the relevance of each specification frag-ment across disparate dimensions is very expensive and time consuming. The notion of service is not used explicitly in traditional information system engineering methods, which cover just a part of required modelling notations that are currently emerging under the service - oriented analysis and design approaches. The most fascinating idea about the service concept is that it applies equally well to organizational as well as technical components, which can be viewed as service requestors and service providers. The primary goal of service oriented architecture is to align the business process models with the information system design in order to make both organizational and technical system parts more effective. One of the reasons why the traditional methods do not provide effective support for engineering of information systems is that service architectures are difficult to visualize and comprehend for business experts who determine the organizational strategies. The main goal of this paper is to present a new ser-vice-oriented foundation and the associated analysis patterns for computation neutral informa-tion system modelling. A service concept integrates various information system dimensions of static and dynamic aspects into one modelling notation
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| 5. |
- Hedman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Is there only one systems development life cycle?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Information Systems Development: Challenges in Practice, Theory, and Education Volume 1. - : Springer-Verlag US. - 9780387304038 ; , s. 105-116
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper contributes to the literature on information systems development life cycle (SDLC) by presenting an enhanced SDLC model, which integrated three interdependent and complementary, but different SDLCs. It is based on integration of the traditional and well-established idea of custom development with package development and commercially off the shelf (COTS) selection and implementation. Package development includes all software made for a market, whereas COTS selection and implementation refers to the selection and implementation of package software. Although there are many similarities between the life cycles, many differences are important to understand. We highlight both the differences and the intersection between the life cycles and outline an integrated SDLC model, which will be used to discuss future research and curricula issues.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Sourcing Decisions of Software Applications Hosting : What Influence has e-Government Services
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Information Systems Development. - Boston, MA : Springer US. - 9780387304038 ; , s. 393-404
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are a lot of reasons reported for why organisations start a sourcing decision. This chapter discusses this theme based on two questions: Does the need and/or wish to increase e-Government services influence the start of a sourcing decision process aiming at reorganising hosting of software applications and if it does, how does it influence the start of such a decision-making process? The point of departure, besides a literature review, is a sourcing decision-making process in a Swedish municipality. When analysing the sourcing decision, five suggested propositions developed from the factors, control, core competence, capability, cost, and strategy, are used. It is concluded that municipalities in Sweden has to prepare for being more of an e-Government organisation, which means that more of the services the municipalities' employees has done before citizens will do by themselves. This demands that to be able to offer future e-Government services municipalities need to have control over software applications. From this study it is suggested that centralisation of hosting can be seen as decentralisation of work tasks from an e-Government perspective.
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| 7. |
- Nfuka, Edephonce N., et al.
(författare)
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An Analysis of IT-Enabled Change in a Public Organization in Tanzania
- 2009
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Ingår i: INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT. - NEW YORK : SPRINGER. - 9780387304038 ; , s. 353-368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of information technology (IT) is always associated with a series of complex organizational change issues. In developing countries, these issues are even more complex because the IT infrastructure, technology and governance are still poorer and information systems development and associated resources are less established. Therefore in our research paper we have analyzed the IT-enabled change in Tanzania Revenue Authority, a public organization in Tanzania by applying Ward and Elvin framework. Using this framework, we have analyzed the changes from almost paper to computerized-based business operations and how such changes affected the performance of the organization. The results indicate that, although there is some problems related to the maturity of technology deployment in the country and scarcity of resources, the IT-enabled change (that takes into account both technology and organizational issues) is likely to meet the organizational change objectives. Based upon the results arrived from use of the Ward and Elvin framework, we have summarized six main success factors that are worth noting for replication to other similar IT-enabled changes or research programs including the ones focusing to developing countries. It includes involvement and commitment of senior/top management; engagement of the key stakeholders; alignment of IT and business; identifying and developing necessary skills, competence and motivation; institutionalization of the change process; and incorporation of the learning process for adjustment and future intervention. Finally in conclusion, we could notice that the alignment of IT with business is the backbone of any meaningful IT-enabled change process and is illustrated by use of a benefit dependency network schema.
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