| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Hayek, welfarism, and the deserving poor
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9780429331312 - 9780367354268
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hayek sees poverty in its absolute sense as a factual problem, which the society has an obligation to deal with. Relative poverty, on the other hand, is not a problem with which the state should be concerned. Hayek approves the use of redistribution to decrease absolute poverty. However, redistribution of income for the sake of greater material equality would necessarily imply unequal treatment of men. This means that individuals will be used to fulfill the aims of other individuals; they will not be free. To Hayek, this is inacceptable. Other than the helping of the deserving poor to overcome poverty in its absolute sense, Hayek did not write much on poverty. The explanation for that is that Hayek viewed the problem of poverty mostly as a problem of the absence of prosperity. To Hayek, there is only one way to abolish poverty in the long run, and it is to make the society generally prosperous. A prosperous society is a society in continuous progress where all knowledge is put to its best use. Only in a free society, where the reward for supplying a good or service corresponds to the value it has to other individuals, will all knowledge come to use.
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| 2. |
- Fredriksson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Alleviating Global Poverty : A Note on the Experimental Approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - London : Routledge. - 9780367354268 - 9780429331312 ; , s. 188-198
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes the research by Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer, who pioneered the experimental approach to understanding poverty alleviation, for which they were awarded the 2019 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Economic well-being doubled in the poorest countries between 1995 and 2018. Child mortality has been cut in half relative to 1995, and the proportion of children attending school has gone up from 56 to 80 percent. Any post-intervention differences in the outcome of interest can thus be solely attributed to the treatment. Studies using field experiments are therefore characterized by high internal validity. A key issue is whether experimental results can be generalized to other contexts, whether or not they are externally valid. In the mid-1990s, Michael Kremer and colleagues conducted the first field experiments within development economics in rural Western Kenya.
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| 3. |
- Bergh, Andreas
(författare)
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Poverty and new welfare economics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9780367354268 - 9781000368291 ; , s. 145-157
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is New Welfare Economics (NWE), how does it explain poverty, and what can we learn from this school of thought when it comes to poverty relief? Answering these questions is the aim in this chapter. The chapter opens with a description of the development of NWE and its central tools and concepts, providing a non-technical explanation of the differences between ʼnew’ and ‘old’ welfare economics. In general, the chapter focuses less on technicalities and more on the development and applications of NWE. Having described the core of NWE, the framework is applied to the determination of individual income and various approaches to inequality and poverty are discussed. The chapter is concluded with some final remarks.
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| 4. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947
(författare)
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Angus Deaton on poverty
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought, Edited By Mats Lundahl, Daniel Rauhut, Neelambar Hatti. - London : Routledge. - 9780367354268 ; , s. 182-197
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This survey covers methodological, analytical, and policy aspects of poverty as well as results of Deaton’s analyses of poverty in developing countries.
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| 5. |
- Lundahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Poverty in contemporary economic thought
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9780367354268 - 9781000368291 ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides presentation of the work of the economists who received the 2019 Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. It deals almost exclusively with poverty within a nation, with the situation of individuals in society. The book explores the perspective to a comparison between nations, rich versus poor nations, and to the mechanisms which make for differences between national income levels. It identifies and examines what he had to say about the nature, origin, and possible solution of poverty. The book discusses poverty in the context of criticism of socialism, and the authors explain why this is so. It provides a discussion of the causes of poverty and its possible remedies, according to Hayek.
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| 6. |
- Lundahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - 9781000368291 - 9780367354268
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Rauhut, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Capability deprivation and poverty : Amartya sen revisited
- 2021
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Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | : Routledge. - 9781000368291 - 9780367354268 ; , s. 158-171
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The strength of Sen’s concept of poverty lies in the fact that it goes beyond the traditional concepts of poverty and is able to grasp the complexity of poverty. At the same time, the strength of Sen’s concept of poverty is also its weakness. It is very abstract indeed. Income does not tell us much about poverty according to the capability deprivation approach since poverty is more than being short of money or about income inequalities. However, while income plays an important role in achieving capabilities, it is the capability sets of different persons that should be compared with each other to see what real opportunities different persons actually have. Adam Smith and the classical economics have had a strong influence on Sen, something which he admits himself. Sen follows the Smithian tradition arguing that poverty should mainly be fought by the market mechanisms, complemented by public action. In addition, John Rawls has had significant influence on Sen’s notion of social justice. Partly in opposition to Rawls’ theory of social justice, Sen presents his own theory of justice, based not only on his previous work in welfare economics and social choice theory, but also on his philosophical thoughts. Institutions and processes in which the individual’s capabilities (including human rights) are in focus. The impact of Sen’s ideas on policies on how to fight poverty, capability deprivation, and social injustices is against mainstream economics: social reforms-such as improvements in education and public health-must precede economic reform. His views encourage policy makers to pay attention not only to alleviating immediate suffering but also to finding ways to replace the lost income of the poor-for example through public works.
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