| 1. |
- Holmén, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390034 ; , s. 232-244
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chapter 12, “Conclusions”, conceptualizes industrial transformation as consisting of qualitative changes in the structure of inter-firm activities and relations. The authors stress that industrial transformation consists of uncertain endogenous processes of qualitative state changes, limiting the role of increasing returns. However, uncertainty can be managed or reduced by increasing control. By distinguishing the book’s chapters into research, design and development (RD&D), production and distribution, the authors show how digitalization increases control and becomes a powerful driver of industrial transformation. The authors compare the seminal work of Allyn Young (1928) to explain how demand changes, digitalization and industrial transformation coevolve cumulatively.
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| 2. |
- Holmén, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Doing more by knowing less. The evolution of the division of innovative labour in software creation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. Vicky Long, Magnus Holmén (red.). - London : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390034 ; , s. 92-110
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To conceptualize the coevolution of the division of innovative labour and knowledge growth, this chapter analyses the evolution of mechanisms for economizing cognition in software development processes. The mechanisms are called abstraction mechanisms and they determine what representations, called abstractions, developers can create and use when writing software. Over time, complementary advances in theoretical knowledge, instrumentation and computational capacity have led to an expansion of the types of abstraction mechanisms in use. As a consequence, software has become composed of a large, interrelated network structure of abstractions created by a large number of developers. As the network structure expands, and becomes more fine-grained, the ratio between developers’ knowledge and the total knowledge they are able to draw upon in their development work becomes lower. They are thus able to do more by knowing less in relative terms. We suggest that the findings have a general significance for understanding industrial transformation from a knowledge perspective by furthering our understanding of changes in the division of inventive labour across and within firms.
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| 3. |
- Long, Vicky, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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What do we know about industrial transformation?
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390034 ; , s. 16-46, s. 16-46
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter summarizes what is known about industrial transformation, with a focus on the role of technology and technological change in the transformation process. First, it argues that Industrial transformation is about changes, followed by a brief review on (a) key historical accounts of industrial transformation, for example, from Karl Marx, Alfred Marshall and recently Paul David and Nathan Rosenberg; and (b) three key complementary thematic approaches to industrial transformation: the evolutionary economics perspective, the institutional economics-influenced system perspective and management studies. While the evolutionary economics school acknowledges the cumulative and path-dependent nature of technological change and industrial transformation, the system approach argues that actors, institutions and knowledge are interlinked nodes coevolving along the transformation. Management studies highlight conjunction points (in transformation) between firm-level elements such as resources, capabilities and strategies and meso-level elements such as product/technology life cycles and appropriability. The chapter also briefly reviews literature that is directly relevant to digitalization and sustainable transformation.
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| 4. |
- Long, Vicky, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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What prevents machine learning from transforming industries?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - London : Taylor & Francis. ; , s. 125-140, s. 125-140
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The industrial utilization of machine learning (ML) technology is still in its infancy. This chapter provides empirical insights on how ML has been deployed in three firms and which forces are at work in this transformation. It is clear that two complementary advancements are needed to make ML generally useful: while ML technology thrives on access to big and varied datasets, the first advance is a reduction in the laborious work of manually cleaning, sorting and labelling the data, which defines how knowledge creation, technology and organization are interrelated. The second advance is to find sensible collaborative modes of data access and sharing, which challenges the very boundaries and interdependence of firms since the value of data for training ML algorithms depends on access to others’ data.
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| 5. |
- Long, Vicky, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Why this book?
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390034 ; , s. 1-15
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter provides an overview of the nature of industrial transformation and motivates the book. The authors argue that while industrial transformation as a phenomenon is not new, the main driving forces of the transformation change, and so do the characteristics of the transformation. Two “novel” phenomena and challenges – digitalization and sustainability – have been observed for a long time but how they affect industrial activities has hitherto mostly been discussed in a rather separate manner. This chapter argues that if these urgent and prevailing challenges are ever to be met and reconciled, a coherent understanding of industrial transformation is needed. This chapter presents stylized facts related to digitalization and sustainability and discusses what these facts imply for industrial transformation. The objective of this phenomenon-oriented book is to shed light on the causes, processes and outcomes of industry transformation in the context of dealing with digitalization and sustainability. There is a particular focus on the role of technology and technological change in the transformation process. A roadmap of the book is provided at the end of the chapter.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Morgunova, Maria
(författare)
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Is the oil and natural gas industry transforming? : Evidence from the offshore Arctic
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - London : Routledge. - 9780429423550 ; , s. 189-208
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter investigates the industrial transformation in the oil and gas industry exemplified by the case of the offshore Arctic. Oil and gas activities have been taking place in the Arctic for already 100 years, and some have moved further into offshore areas due to a great hydrocarbon resource potential there. The Arctic is a challenging region with extreme climate conditions and a sensitive environment, which requires new technological and organizational solutions. In order to understand if and how the oil and gas industry transforms under these challenging operating conditions, this chapter applies a “niche” level perspective (within the multilevel perspective framework), and consequently, analyses current oil and gas activities in the offshore Arctic, involved actors and existing technological solutions.
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| 8. |
- Nykvist, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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“Own it” or “share it” : Transformations of regulatory and community norms in the Swedish housing market
- 2022
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Ingår i: Technological Change and Industrial Transformation. - London : Routledge. - 9780429423550 - 9781138390027
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we analyse the historical role of community norms and sharing ideas in the Swedish housing market as part of industrial transformation processes. We compare the emergence of a new organizational form, the housing cooperative, from the 1930s and onwards with the rise of the contemporary digital platform-based sharing economy. In the past, housing cooperatives were used to share the burden of risk between individual citizens, whereas contemporary sharing platforms allow for sharing the burden of ownership in cities with soaring housing prices. We ask if and how the role of community norms and sharing practices have changed over the last century and who was involved in transforming the housing market. We draw on rich historical secondary sources on the development of housing cooperatives as part of the Swedish model as well as on contemporary debate about the impact of sharing economy actors, such as Airbnb, on the Swedish housing market. In drawing on a semantic analysis of official government investigations on the housing cooperatives, we show that community norms have played a vital part in the industrial transformation of the Swedish housing market, indicating that informal institutions endured while formal institutions have gone through major transformations.
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