| 1. |
- Hemlin, Maud
(författare)
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Ethiopia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Institutional adjustment for economic growth: Small scale industries and economic transition in Asia and Africa. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9780429806438 ; , s. 123-162
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethiopian Marxist intellectuals abroad returned to join the revolution, but ended up divided into separate camps, the two most important being the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Party and MEISON. The former counted the Derg among its enemies and demanded a civilian government immediately, while the latter attempted to direct the revolution from inside through Derg cooperation, and spoke of a yet immature sense of class consciousness. If the political history of Ethiopia is used as a basis for analysis, one could start with the short-sightedness, the lack of continuity of polices and the reactions of the people to this situation. When Mengistu fled the country in May 1991 a Transitional Government took over, and issued a draft for a new Ethiopian economic policy which, after consultations with a variety of economic and political organisations, was approved by the Council of Representatives in November.
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| 2. |
- Sjöberg, Örjan
(författare)
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Institutional adjustment: Reforming the developing socialist economy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Institutional adjustment for economic growth: Small scale industries and economic transition in Asia and Africa. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9780429806438 ; , s. 9-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter reviews the case for structural adjustment in reforming socialist economies, noting in particular the need to forestall high levels of inflation. It argues that the importance of macro-economic stability extends beyond keeping economic aggregates in check. The chapter addresses the exigency of institutional adjustment, arguing that the lowering of transaction costs is as important to the success of reform as are the more frequently voiced concerns about production costs not properly reflecting comparative advantage. It highlights the reasons for lacklustre performance on part of centrally planned economies, and the implications for reform. As reforms were initiated, repressed inflation came out in the open, additionally fuelled in many an instance by drastic shortfalls of government revenue and hence increasing budget deficits. Macro-economic stability is a necessary but not sufficient condition; institutional adjustment is also a component crucial to the success of reform in formerly centrally planned economies.
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| 3. |
- Sjöberg, Örjan
(författare)
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Institutions and SSIs: Some lessons from diverse experiences
- 2019
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Ingår i: Institutional adjustment for economic growth: Small scale industries and economic transition in Asia and Africa. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9780429806438 ; , s. 201-214
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on factors that are shared by the six countries concerned, or that point in a common direction, without therefore neglecting the variety of experiences across these case studies. The importance of physical and social infrastructure is clearly seen in aiding industrialisation. India, China and Vietnam all have a large population living in rural areas and the poor state of infrastructure has hindered the flow of gains to the rural sector from the more resourceful urban sector. In the rapid industrialisation phase of Taiwan, competitive labour markets efficiently adjusted labour supply and demand, and without much intervention by the government, it served to minimise search costs. Informal capital markets exist, for instance, in Vietnam which transact in assets like land and buildings in providing enterprise capital. The low reliance on formal financial markets has contributed to higher transaction costs on the one hand and prevented large scale expansion opportunities for the small firm on the other.
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