| 1. |
- Chen, Jiguang, et al.
(författare)
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FEA of helmet-head injury protection based on motorcycle accident reconstruction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 570-573
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Head impact usually causes fatalities of riders in motorcycle accidents. The use of helmet can protect head effectively and the study of head injury mechanism is useful in safety helmet design and head injury risk decrease. A real motorcycle-passenger car accident was reconstructed in order to simulate and analyze the motion, impact velocity, impact angle in the collision. In order to study the dynamic response of helmeted head during the accident impact processing, an effective helmet model was constructed and validated. Coupling with the finite element model of human head, the injury mechanism of head and relevant parameters of biomechanics were studied and the protection ability of helmet was analyzed. It was found that the presence of helmet reduces the probility of head injury.
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| 2. |
- Dai, Bing, et al.
(författare)
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A study on throw distance of electric bicycle and cyclist based on accident reconstruction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 135-138
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to determine the correlation of the throw distance of cyclist and electric bicycle in traffic accidents with throw vehicle impact speed. A total of 22 vehicle-electric bicycle accidents were sampled from IVAC database, China. The selected accidents were reconstructed by using PC-Crash and Madymo programs. The relationship between throw distance and vehicle impact velocity was analyzed by using logistic regression model The relationship curves were obtained based on the calculated parameters. With increasing of the vehicle impact velocity, an increase of throw distance was observed. When the vehicle impact velocity was above 30km/h, the throw distance of electric bicycle was larger than that of cyclist. By comparing of results from the PC-Crash and MADYMO simulations with observations from in-depth accident investigation, the feasibility of the reconstruction method and the validity of the numerical model were evaluated. This research could provide a basis for further study on the dynamic response and injury prevention of cyclist.
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| 3. |
- Dai, Jiming, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of neck dynamic response on head injuries in passenger car to pedestrian collisions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 631-634
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present study was to analyze the influences of neck kinematics on head-brain injuries in pedestrian head-to-windshield impact. Firstly, a real-world pedestrian head-to-windshield accident was reconstructed using Madymo. Secondly, the validated finite element (FE) head models with and without neck were used to compute the head-brain injury related parameters. The initial impact conditions of FE models were obtained from Madymo reconstructions. The head-brain injury parameters were calculated in terms of coup/countrecoup pressure, von Mises and maximum shear stresses. It appeared that in this case head with neck model had higher maximum values of four injury parameters than head without neck model. And neck influence on head angular acceleration was significant.
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| 4. |
- Huang, Sunan, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation on child occupant safety in passenger vehicles based on accident data from Changsha, China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 218-221
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to determine the traffic safety situation of child occupants in the urban areas of Changsha, China. For this purpose, accident data were collected from the local traffic police authority. The selected samples have been dated from January 1,2001 to December 31,2010, durich which 1, 629 traffic accidents involving children occurred in Changsha. A total of 331 child occupants up to 15 years of age were identified in these accidents. A statistical analysis was then conducted in terms of the accident type, accident scenario, child age, gender, injury region, and injury severity. The results indicate that the side impact is the most common accident scenario in the child occupant accidents, accounting for 45% of all the cases. The major type of the accidents is the double-vehicle crashes in which passenger vehicles account for 73.4%. No child restraint system (CRS) was identified in the selected accidents. The head and extremity injuries have a high frequency in the child injuries. With the implementation of safey regulations, common knowledge about the traffic safety for child occupants should be strengthen, and CRS will be required in cars to protect child occupants.
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| 5. |
- Li, Li, et al.
(författare)
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A study on motor-scooter accidents in China and Germany
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 110-113
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vehicle traffic accidents have been widely studied not only in the motorized countries but also in the motorizing countries, while in-depth study on motor-scooter accidents has not been adequately investigated. In this research the motor-scooter accident data from IVAC in Changsha of China were collected from in depth accident investigation, at the same time the accidents samples from GIDAS in Hannover Medical University from 2004 to 2010 were also picked out to study the injury mechanism on motor-scooter riders. By utilizing the statistical analysis and accident reconstruction method, the injury location and injury severity of the scooter riders are investigated, furthermore the collision type, collision speed on scooter to car accidents, impact areas on helmets for scooter riders, injury risk as a function of car collision speed are investigated. The research results can provide foundation and reference for the establishment on injury protection measures for scooter riders.
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| 6. |
- Li, Qihui, et al.
(författare)
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Study of vehicle front structure crashworthiness based on pole impact with different position
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 1031-1035
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of occupant injury severity in frontal pole impact, this paper conducted a computer simulation study on the frontal pole impact of passenger car. Three types of frontal pole impact FE analysis models were developed according to different impact positions of pole, i.e., no offset, 25%, and 35% left offset relative to the centerline of vehicle. In order to illustrate the characteristics of frontal pole impact, this paper analyzed the impact parameters such as the structure deformation, crash force transmission path and acceleration of car body. The results show that the frontal pole impact was a severe loading condition leading to serious damage to vehicle structure. When it comes to the damage of vehicle, the 35% left offset frontal pole impact mode was the worst whereas the center frontal pole impact mode was the best. The crashworthiness of frontal pole impact could be improved by strengthen bumper, rail, sub-frame and firewall.
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| 7. |
- Luo, Fen, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of human body size on lower limb injury parameters in car-pedestrian collisions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 627-630
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lower extremities are the most vulnerable parts in vehicle-pedestrian traffic accident. At present, EC78/2009 (European Community.No78/2009) and GTR9 (Global Technical Regulation.No.9) are the major regulations of pedestrian protection. A fixed mass and length of lower leg impact or is applied to predict the lower limb injuries in these regulations. But, in the real world, the pedestrian's body characteristics, such as height and weight, are significantly different, therefore there may exist certain limitations in the present regulations for testing the injury parameters of lower limbs. In current study, three typical car models and three different percentile pedestrian models were established using multi-body dynamics method. Then the influence of pedestrian weight and height on lower limbs injuries were thoroughly investigated by comparing the tibia acceleration, shear displacement and bending angle of the knee. The results showed that the maximum knee shear displacement rose up as the height and weight of pedestrian models increased. While the knee bending angle was greatly affected by the collision location of the vehicle to pedestrian, the collision position was closer to the knee joint, the bending angle was bigger. The maximum tibia acceleration illustrated different variation tendency with the change of vehicle front structure.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Xuechao, et al.
(författare)
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A study on kinematics of electric-bicycle-rider in car collisions based on traffic accident data
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 106-109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact scenarios, impact velocity were investigated based on 224 car-electric bicycle collision cases in IVAC (In-depth Investigation of Car Accident in Changsha) database. Cars were classified into three types: sedan, SUV and one box. According to analysis of traffic accident data, car-electric bicycle collision models were built up by using MADYMO. In order to analyze the kinematics of electric-bicycle-riders, this paper conducted a series of numerical experiments by changing the types of cars. Results show that the most prominent impact modes were frontal impact (54%) and side impact (33%), rider's head tend to strike sedan at upper part of the windscreen', 'SUV at the front end of bonnet, and one box at lower part of the windscreen, The peak values of head's and pelvis' acceleration were higher and occurred earlier when a SUV or one box impacted with electric bicycle.
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| 9. |
- Xiao, Sen, et al.
(författare)
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Research and optimization of crashworthiness in small overlap head-on collision
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 854-857
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve the purpose of studying structure crashworthiness in small overlap collision, simulations were analyzed by Finite Element Method according to IIHS (The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) regulations. Design of experiment was applied to analyze the sensitivity of each variable, and optimal design was carried out by means of approximation model technology and reliability optimizing design based on monte-carlo simulation technique in the aspects of improving crashworthiness and reducing weight. The result shows that upper rails are the main energy-absorbing parts in small overlap crash. The major factors affecting the safety in small overlap rate collision were determined through the analysis of sensitivity. By contrasting the reliability optimization with the certainty optimization of vehicles, the influence of fluctuation of design variables on quality of product was analyzed. It can be concluded that the reliability optimization is obviously superior to deterministic optimization, which is of great practical application value in engineering.
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| 10. |
- Xue, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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A study on the application of energy-dissipating protection device in car-to-truck rear underride
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2013 5th Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, ICMTMA 2013. - 9780769549323 ; , s. 130-134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A passenger car is severely damaged in car-to-truck underride accident which threatens the lives in the passenger car seriously. The objective of the study is to develop an energy-dissipating rear underride protection device (RUPD) for diminishing the hazard imposed on the passenger car and the occupants. The new RUPD which has energy-dissipating structure is designed. It is modeled in virtual environment together with a moving barrier (MB) and a contrastive common RUPD. Finite element simulation is performed for comparative analysis on the performance of the two RUPDs in LS-DYNA. In the virtual test, the MB crashes into the two RUPDs respectively according to the national standard GB11567.2-2001. The conditions of 54km/h crash speed and offset collision form are added to the virtual test for further test. The results show that under the national standard condition, the new RUPD dissipates 77% of the total crash energy and the MB's acceleration peak in the test of the new RUPD is 22.8g, which is 40% lower than that in the test of the common one. In the extension virtual tests, the new RUPD performs effectively in buffering, energy dissipating and underride protecting.
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