| 1. |
- Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability Assessment of Infrastructure Elements with Integrated Energy Harvesting Technologies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy and Environment. - : Wiley. - 9781119307761 ; , s. 221-234
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The possibility of integrating energy harvesting devices into the bridge/tunnel structures along Coastal Highway Route E39 has been investigated in a feasibility study by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA). The main advantage of integrating energy conversion devices in a structural element is the reduction of costs compared to stand-alone devices. The construction could be used as a foundation, a mooring point and provide a dry environment for electrical devices. Easy access to the production site could also reduce the cost for installation, operation and maintenance. Two important challenges related to harvesting renewable energy by infrastructure elements, without concerning about the energy source, are to store it or feed the energy to the grid. In the second case, tailoring generation to demand is of critical importance. Tasks such as supply and demand management, for instance, peak hour management, what kind of storage should be used - electrical or thermal - need be solved. Furthermore, integrating energy production devices in a structure might cause negative environmental impacts and affect the life expectancy and maintenance costs of such structures. The potential environmental impacts associated with renewable technologies are the consequences for bird life or marine fauna at the fjord crossing locations, as well as noise and visual impact. Thus, a sustainability assessment should be performed in order to quantify the ecological, economical and societal impacts of the suggested alternatives.
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| 2. |
- Vierth, Inge, 1959-
(författare)
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Why do CO2 Emissions from Heavy Road Freight Transport Increase in Spite of Higher Fuel Prices?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy and Environment. - Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781119307761 - 9781786300263 ; , s. 259-276
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter analyzes why CO2 emissions from heavy road freight transports increase in spite of higher fuel prices. Swedish time series data for 1990-2011 are analyzed with the help of indicators. The logistic efficiency and the energy efficiency improved, especially in the 1990s due to the allowance of heavier trucks. Since then, no major efficiency gains have been realized. Potentially cost-effective technologies exist but technical, institutional and financial barriers reduce the incentives for the transport firms to implement these.Split incentives caused by contract structures or ownership patterns can impede the employment of the technologies. If fuel savings are realized, rebound effects can appear that cancel out improved energy efficiency. Deeper knowledge of the impacts of policy measures is required in order to understand why CO2 emissions increase despite increased fuel prices. A better understanding of the model simplifications in the Swedish national model Samgods is also needed, as well as an analysis of what is required to better mirror the contracts that exist.
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